Analysis of the Intra-State Conflict in Afghanistan

Afganistan, 1979 Aralık'ındaki Sovyet istilasından bu yana uluslararası ihtilafın merkezi olmuştur. Yabancı askerlerin yıllara kadar Afganistan’da bulunması, oradaki farklı etkin gruplar arasındaki çatışmalara yol açtı. Sovyetlerin geri çekilmesi hiçbir şekilde Afgan ihtilafının sona ermesine sebep olamadı. Aksine bu bir güç boşluğuna ardından Taliban'ın ortaya çıkmasına neden oldu. Sovyetlerin geri çekilmesi Afganistan'daki devlet içi çatışmayı ve dış aktörlerin katılımını arttırdı. Dış aktörlerin katılımı, devlet içi çatışmayı daha da yoğunlaştırdı ve aynı, 1996'ya kadar devam etti. Taliban'ın yükselişiyle Afganistan, kısa zamanlık bir tür istikrar gördü. Sovyet istilası ve iç savaş çoktan milislere yol açmıştı. Bu miliseler sürekli olarak Taliban’la savaş halinde olduğundan Afganistan da huzuru görmedi. Taliban hükümeti de seçilmiş bir hükümet olmadığından zorlukların artması tabiî idi. Böylece çatışmalar 2001 yılına kadar devam etti. ABD’ye yapılan 9/11 terörist saldırının ardından Afganistan’daki çatışma yeni bir hal aldı. ABD, Taliban hükümetini yerinden etmek için Afganistan'a müdahale etti ve terörle mücadeleye başladı. Yine, Afganistan'da uluslararası aktörlerin yoğun sayısı yer aldı. Birleşmiş Milletler, NATO, Pakistan, İran, Hindistan, Türkiye, vs. hepsi Afganistan’da kendi etkisini arttırmak çabasında olduğundan Afganistan sorunu daha da büyümektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Afganistan, Devlet-içi çatışma, 9/11, Uluslararası güçler, Taliban

Analysis of the Intra-State Conflict in Afghanistan

Afghanistan has been the hotbed of the international conflict since the Soviet invasion in December 1979. The decade long foreign troop presence mainly initiated the conflict within the different communities in Afghanistan. the withdrawal of the Soviets in no way marked the end of the Afghan conflict. With the Soviet withdrawal gave rise to a power vacuum and then the Taliban. The withdrawal of the Soviets intensified the intra-state conflict in Afghanistan and also the involvement of the external actors. The involvement of the external actors further intensified the intra-state conflict and the same continued till 1996. Afghanistan witnessed a kind of a stability for a brief period with the rise of the Taliban. The Soviet invasion and the civil war had already given rise to multiple militias and they continuously engaged the Taliban government/forces, and Afghanistan never saw the peace. The Taliban government too was not elected, so the challenges were bound to rise. The conflict continued till 2001. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the US, the conflict in Afghanistan took a new turn. US intervened in Afghanistan to dislodge the Taliban government and started the war on terror. Again, number of international actors fiercely got involved in Afghanistan. The United Nations, the NATO, Pakistan, Iran, India, Turkey, etc. all are now involved in the race for dominating Afghanistan, which further intensified the conflict in Afghanistan.

Keywords:

Afghanistan, Intra-State Conflict, 9/11, International Actors, Taliban,

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