Population development of Twig Borer Moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Oinophilidae) and its Pupae Parasitoid Microchelonus fissilis Tobias, 1964 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Pistachio in Turkey

Twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel, 1964 is an important of pistachio pest in Turkey. This study was conducted done in four pistachio orchards from 1992-1993 in the Şanlıurfa province of Turkey. The objective was to quantify damage caused by K. pistaciella in pistachio and measure and population development of K. pistaciella and its specific pupae parasitoid Microchelonus fissilis Tobias, 1964. K. pistaciella overwinter as mature larvae in galleries in 1-2 yr old shoots; beginning in March, larvae leave galleries and pupae on the shoots in which they overwintered. Adult flight occurred in April and May. First flight of M. fissilis occurred 1-2 wks after first flight of K. pistaciella. One hundred shoots were inspected in each experiment orchard and maximums of 35 pupae were observed in 1992 in Tülmen village, and 40 pupae 1993 in Altınova village. The maximum rate of parasitism was 45% in 1992 in Ayran village and 57% in 1993 in Altınova village. The maximum damage caused by each generation of K. pistaciella larvae was determined as 45% in 1992 in Altınova village and 38% in 1993 at the same village.

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