Purpose: Rehabilitation programs are widely prescribed, compliance with these programs can be a problem for caregivers. Emotional intelligence plays an essential role in coping with problems. This study investigated emotional intelligence and compliance with a home-based physiotherapy program (HBPP) among mothers of infants at risk. Methods: The study included 138 mothers of infants at risk followed in the Developmental and Early Physiotherapy Unit of Hacettepe University. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS). Results: Mothers who were not working and had low education level showed higher HBPP compliance and lower scores in the optimism/mood regulation dimension of the SEIS (p