Waste as A Medium for Agriculture- An Example of Sustainable Waste Management: A Case Study of Titagarh Municipal Dump Site, West Bengal

Urbanization is considered as a core event which accelerate the generation and accumulation of waste materials in a large scale. This waste can be managed by different ways, garbage farming is most environment friendly among them. The aim of the current work is to uncover the present waste management system of Titagarh municipality, waste characterization and valuate this waste management system. Approximately 60–65-ton waste is being deposited in this dumping ground every day, which are the main source of bio-fertilizer of 70.08 acre of land. By using this organic manure, the chemical properties of the agricultural field are so good that three crops can be cultivated in a year. Therefore, the gross economic value of this landfill site, taking into account the financial value of garbage farming and other sources, is approximately 1600000 Indian rupees.

Keywords:

solid waste, Garbage farming Waste characterization, Economic valuation,

PDF

___

1. Alvarez, J., Mace, S., & Llabres, P. (2000). Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. An overview of research achievements and perspectives. Bioresour Technol ,74 (1), 3-16.
2. Aruna, G., Kavitha, B., Subashini, N., & Indira, S. (2018). An observational study on practices of dis-posal of waste Garbages in Kamakshi Nagar at Nellore. International Journal Applied Research, 4, 392–394.
3. Ayilara, M.S., Olanrewaju, O. S. Babalola, O.O., & Odeyemi, O. (2020). Waste management through composting: Challenges and Potentials. Sustainability, 12, 1-23.
4. Bai, J., Shen, H., & Dong, S. (2010). Study on economic utilization and treatments of highway green-ing waste. Proc. Environmental Science, 2, 25–31.
5. Baykal, B. B. (2019). Recycling/reusing grey water and yellow water (human urine): motivations, per-spectives and reflections into the future. Desalination and Water Treatment, 172, 212-223.
6. Braden, J. (2018). Solvent Liquefaction of Waste Materials. Unpublished Graduate Thesis, Iowa State University, Iowa.
7. Chan, G.Y.S., & Wong, M.H. (2017). Landfill Sites: Revegetation. In Encyclopedia of Soil Science; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 1322–1326.
8. Ghormade, V., Deshpande, M. V., & Paknikar, K. M. (2011). Perspectives for nano-biotechnology en-abled protection and nutrition of plants. Biotechnology advances, 29(6), 792-803.
9. Hait, S., & Tare, V. (2012). Transformations and availability of nutrients and heavy metals during in-tegrated composting- vermicomposting of sewage sludges. Ecotax Environment Safety, 79, 214-224.
10. Herczeg, G., Akkerman, R., & Hauschild, M. Z. (2018). Supply chain collaboration in industrial sym-biosis networks. Journal of cleaner production, 171, 1058-1067.
11. Jaiswal, A. (2018). Anthropology Degradation of environment and role of society. PG e-Pathshala-An MHRD Project under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT), 1-17.
12. Khan, M., Chniti, S., & Owaid, M. (2018). An overview on properties and internal characteristics of anaerobic bioreactors of food waste. Journal of Nutrition, Health, Food Engineering, 8, 319–322.
13. Lin, C. S. K., Pfaltzgraff, L., & Davila, H. L. (2013). Food waste as a valuable resource for the produc-tion of chemicals, materials and fuels: Current situation and global perspective. Energy and Environ-mental Science, 6(2), 426-464.
14. Liu, Y., Sun, W., & Liu, J. (2017). Greenhouse gas emissions from different municipal solid waste management scenarios in China: Based on carbon and energy flow analysis. Waste management, 68, 653-661.
15. Mishra, R. K., & Mohanty, K. (2018). An Overview of Techno-economic Analysis and Life-Cycle As-sessment of Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Recent Advancements in Bio-fuels and Bioenergy Utilization, 363-402.
16. Nuss, P., Bringezu, S., & Gardner, K.H. (2012). Green Energy and Technology. Waste to Energy: Op-portunities and Challenges for Developing and Transition Economies, 55 , 1-26.
17. Okonko, I. O., Ogun, A., Shittu, O., & Ogunnusi, T. (2009). Waste utilization as a means of ensuring environmental safety-an overview. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 8(9), 836-855.
18. Rajaie, M., & Tavakoly, A. R. (2016). Effects of municipal waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and mineral composition of tomato. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 5(4), 339-347.
19. Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype-environment effects. Child development, 424-435.
20. Schulz, R., & Romheld, V. (1997). Recycling of municipal and industrial organic wastes in agricul-ture: benefits,limitations, and means of improvement. Plant nutrition for sustainable food production and environment. Springer, 581-586.
21. Sharma, B., Sarkar, A., Singh, P., & Singh, R.P. (2017). Agricultural utilisation of biosolids: a review on potential effects on soil and plant grown. Waste Management, 64, 117-132.
22. Sharma, B., Vaish, B., Mahajan, M., Singh, U.K., Singh, P., & Singh, R.P. (2019). Recycling of Organic Wastes in Agriculture:An Environmental Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Re-search.
23. Smith, S. R. (1996). Agricultural recycling of sewage sludge and the environment. CAB intemational, Wallingford, UK.
24. Umar, M., Aziz, H. A., & Yusoff, M. S. (2010). Variability of parameters involved in leachate pollu-tion index and determination of LPI from four landfills in Malaysia. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2010.
25. UNEP (2015). Global Waste Management Outlook. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/global-waste-management-outlook. (Accessed on 15 March 2019)
26. WBPCB (2019). Final report on Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW). http://web.wbpcb.gov.in/html/downloads/sw_inventory.pdf. (Accessed on 04 September 2019)