Tanzer ERYILMAZ, Murat YEŞİLYURT, Hasan YUMAK, Mevlüt ARSLAN, Seda ŞAHİN

Determination of the Fuel Properties of Cottonseed Oil Methyl Ester and Its Blends with Diesel Fuel / Pamuk Tohumu Metil Esteri Ve Dizel Yakıt İle Karışımlarının Yakıt Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

In this study; density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point and water content of methyl ester produced from cottonseed oil (CO) were determined under varying blend ratio with ultimate euro diesel fuel, also density and kinematic viscosity were investigated at different temperatures. Six different fuel blends (3%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% by volume blending with diesel), cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME), cottonseed oil and diesel were used for experiments. Density of samples was measured 0-93oC interval with 5oC increments and kinematic viscosity of samples was measured 298.15-373.15 K interval with 5 K increments. All of the measurements were performed at 20oC room temperatures. It is found that; density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point and water content of cottonseed oil are 921.50 kg/m3, 31.347 mm2/s, 39.278 MJ/kg, 237oC and 232.90 mg/kg, respectively. For cottonseed oil methyl ester, they are 884.75 kg/m3, 4.713 mm2/s, 39.254 MJ/kg, 171oC and 499.19 mg/kg, respectively. The densities of each fuel sample decreased linearly with increasing temperature. But the kinematic viscosities of each fuel sample decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. In addition experimental results, the most commonly used prediction models were used to calculate the density and kinematic viscosity varying with temperature and blend ratio. Also calorific value, flash point and water content were correlated. Özet: Bu çalışmada; pamuk tohumu yağından (CO) üretilen metil ester içeriğinin yoğunluğu, kinematik viskozitesi, kalorifik değeri, parlama noktası ve su içeriği Euro dizel yakıtı ile çeşitli karışım durumlarında belirlenmiştir ve yoğunluk ile kinematik viskozite değeri farklı sıcaklıklarda incelenmiştir. Altı farklı karışım (dizel yakıtla hacimsel oranda %3, %5, %10, %25, %50 ve %75) pamuk tohumu metil esteri (COME), pamuk tohumu yağı ve dizel deneylerde kullanılmıştır. Numunelerin yoğunlukları 0-93 oC aralığında 5 oC artışlarla ölçülmüştür ve kinematik viskozite değerleri 298.15-373.15 K aralığında 5 K’lik artışlarla ölçülmüştür. Bütün ölçümler 20 oC oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pamuk tohumu yağının yoğunluk, kinematik viskozite, kalorifik değer, parlama noktası ve su içeriğinin sırasıyla 921.50 kg/m3, 31.347 mm2/s, 39.278 MJ/kg, 237oC ve 232.90 mg/kg olduğu bulunmuştur. Pamuk tohumu yağı metil esteri için bu değerler sırasıyla 884.75 kg/m3, 4.713 mm2/s, 39.254 MJ/kg, 171oC ve 499.19 mg/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Her numunenin yoğunluğu sıcaklık ile doğrusal orantılı şekilde azalmıştır. Fakat numunelerin kinematik viskozite değerleri artan sıcaklığa bağlı olarak eksponansiyel biçimde azalmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlara ek olarak sıcaklığa ve karışım oranına bağlı şekilde yoğunluk ve kinematik viskozite değerleri sıkça kullanılan tahmin modelleri ile hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca kalorifik değerler, parlama noktaları ve su içerikleri de matematiksel olarak ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Keywords:

Cottonseed oil, cottonseed oil methyl ester, blends, fuel property, density, kinematic viscosity, prediction / Pamuk tohumu yağı, pamuk tohumu yağı metil esteri karışımlar, yakıt özellikleri, yoğunluk, kinematik viskozite, tahmin,

PDF

___

Nematizade, P., Ghobadian, B., Ommi, F., Najafi, G. and Abbaszadeh, A. (2013). Investigation of Some of the Properties of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels Blends to Use in SI Engines. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2(4):92-103.
Reddy, T. R., Krishna, M. V. S. M., Reddy, C. K. and Murthy, P. V. K. (2013). Performance, Exhaust Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Mohr Oil Based Biodiesel in A Medium Grade Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2(2):70-84.
Aksoy, F., Baydir, S. A. and Bayrakceken, H. (2010). The Viscosity at Different Temperatures of Soybean and Sunflower Biodiesels and Diesel Fuel Blends. Energy Sources, Part A, 32:148-156.
Karabas, H. (2013). Investigation of biodiesel fuel from canola oil using various reaction parameters. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2(3):85-91.
Li Y., Zhang, X. D., Sun, L., Xu, M., Zhou, W. G. and Liang, X. H. (2010). Solid Superacid Catalyzed Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Production From Acid Oil. Applied Energy, 87:2369-2373.
Shu, Q., Gao, J., Nawaz, Z., Liao, Y., Wang, D. and Wang, J. (2010). Synthesis of Biodiesel From Waste Vegetable Oil With Large Amounts of Free Fatty Acids Using A Carbon-based Solid Acid Catalyst. Applied Energy, 87:2589-2596.
Leung, D. Y. C., Wu, X. and Leung, M. K. H. (2010). A Review on Biodiesel Production Using Catalyzed Transesterification. Applied Energy, 87:1083-1095.
Chattopadhyay, S., Karemore, A., Das, S., Deysarkar, A. and Sen, R. (2011). Biocatalytic Production of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil: Standardization of Process Parameters and Comparison of Fuel Characteristics. Applied Energy, 88:1251–1256.
Zhang, W., Yuan, W., Zhang, X. and Coronado, M. (2012). Predicting The Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosities of Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Using Mid- and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Applied Energy, 98:122-127.
Kahraman, A., Oguz, H., Ors, I. and Solmaz, O. (2013). Effect of Cottonseed Oil Methyl Ester on the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Vehicle. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2(4):104-110.
Verduzco, L. F. R., Flores, B. E. G., Rodriguez, J. E. R. and Jacob, A. R. J. (2011). Prediction of the Density and Viscosity in Biodiesel Blends at Various Temperatures. Fuel, 90:1751-1761.
Tesfa, B., Mishra, R., Gu, F. and Powles, N. (2010). Prediction Models for Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel and Their Effects on Fuel Supply System in CI Engines. Renewable Energy, 35:2752-2760.
Tate, R. E., Watts, K. C., Allen, C. A. W. and Wilkie K. I. (2006). The Viscosities of Three Biodiesel Fuels at Temperatures up to 300oC. Fuel, 85:1010-1015.
Benjumea, P., Agudelo, J. and Agudelo, A. (2008). Basic Properties of Palm Oil Biodiesel-Diesel Blends. Fuel, 87:2069-2075.
Allen, C. A. W. (1998). Prediction of Biodiesel Fuel Atomization Characteristics Based on Measured Properties. Ph.D. Thesis, Dalhousie University, Canada.
Shu, Q., Yang, B., Yang, J. and Qing, S. (2007). Predicting the Viscosity of Biodiesel Fuels Based on the Mixture Topological Index Method. Fuel 86:1849–1854.
Eryilmaz, T. and Ogut, H. (2011). The Effect of the Different Mustard Oil Biodiesel Blending Ratios on Diesel Engines Performance. Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 28(1):169-180.
Khan, M. A. and Shrivastava, N. (2013). Investigation of Storage Potential of Different Biodiesel and Their Blends. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 3(6):3695-3699.
Karaosmanoglu, F., Tuter, M., Gollu, E., Yanmaz, S. and Altintig, E. (1999). Fuel Properties of Cottonseed Oil. Energy Sources, 21(9):821-828.
Alptekin, E. and Cnakci, M. (2008). Determination of the Density and the Viscosities of Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends. Renewable Energy, 33:2623-2630.
Rodenbush, C. M., Hsieh, F. H. and Viswanath, D. S. (1999). Density and Viscosity of Vegetable Oils. JAOCS, 76(12):1415-1419.
Esteban, B., Riba, J. R., Baquero, G., Rius, A. and Puig R. (2012). Temperature Dependence of Density and Viscosity of Vegetable Oils. Biomass and Bioenergy, 42:164-171.
Aksoy, F., Yabanova, I., Bayrakceken, H. and Aksoy, L. (2014). Estimating the Dynamic Viscosity of Vegetable Oils Using Artificial Neural Networks. Energy Sources, Part A, 36:858-865.
Fahd, M. E. A., Lee, P. S., Chou, S. K., Wenming, Y. and Yap, C. (2014). Experimental Study and Empirical Correlation Development of Fuel Properties of Waste Cooking Oil Palm Biodiesel and Its Blends at Elevated Temperatures. Renewable Energy, 68:282-288.
Grunberg, L. and Nissan, A. H. (1949). Mixture Law for Viscosity. Nature, 164:799-800.
Demirbas, A. (2008). Biodiesel, A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines. Springer, 208 pages.
Al-Hamamre, Z. and Al-Salaymeh, A. (2014). Physical Properties of (Jojoba Oil+Biodiesel), (Jojoba Oil+Diesel) and (Biodiesel+Diesel) Blends. Fuel, 123:175-188.