Çok Aşamalı Yer Seçim Modelleriyle Satış Mağazası Yerinin Belirlenmesi: Konya Örneği

İşletmeler için tedarik zinciri ve lojistik ağ mekanizmasının etkin ve dinamik biçimde tasarlanması en önemli faaliyet kriterlerinden biridir. Bu kapsamda kurulacak tesis yerinin doğru biçimde seçilmesi hızlı, kolay ve düşük maliyetli ulaşım imkânı sağlaması açısından kritik bir optimizasyon modeli olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çünkü talep ve/veya nüfusun yoğun olduğu bölgelerde açılacak tesis sayısı ve tesis kapsamının daha büyük olması beklenirken düşük talepli merkezlerde ise kurulacak tesis sayısının daha az olması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca, hizmet alacak bölgeler ve kurulacak tesis yerleri arasındaki mesafenin de küçüklenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir gıda işletmesine ait doğrudan satış mağazası yerlerinin optimum biçimde belirlenebilmesi için yer seçim modelleriyle-küme kapsama modeli, en büyük kapsama modeli ve p medyan modelleriyle- araştırma yapılmıştır. Öncelikle kurulacak en az sayıdaki tesisin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ardından mesafe bazlı kapsanacak sahalar belirlenmektedir. Daha sonra belirli sayıdaki tesislerin talep ağırlıklı en küçük mesafe amacına göre konumları belirlenmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar birbiriyle karşılaştırılarak en uygun modelin hangisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca senaryo analizleri ile ortaya çıkabilecek farklı durumlar için geliştirilen modeller sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Optimizasyon, yer seçim modeli, küme kapsama, en büyük kapsama, p medyan modeli

Determination of Sales Store Location with Multi-Stage Location Selection Models: The Case of Konya

Effectively and dynamically designing of the supply chain and logistics network mechanism for companies is one of the most important operation criteria. In this context, choosing the proper facility location to be established is a critical optimization model in terms of providing quick, easy and low-cost access. Because, while the number of facilities and the scope of facilities to be opened are expected to be higher in regions with high demand and/or population ratio, the number of facilities to be established in centers with low demand is expected to be lower. In addition, the distance between the regions that will receive service and the facilities to be established should be minimized. In this study, site selection models - set covering model, maximum coverage model and p-median models- were investigated to determine the optimal location of direct sales stores of a food company. First of all, it is aimed to determine the minimum number of facilities to be established. Then, the areas to be covered are determined according to the distance levels. Then, the locations of a certain number of facilities are defined according to the demand-weighted minimum distance objective function. The obtained results were compared with each other, and the most suitable model was determined. In addition, various models developed for different situations were presented and tested with scenario analysis.

Keywords:

Optimization, site selection model, set-covering model, maximum-coverage model, p-median model Optimization, site selection model, set-covering model, maximum-coverage model, p-median model,

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