Mustafa Aydin, Muhammed Enes Dokuz, Mesut Uyaner

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF DLP 3D PRINTED VARIOUS MICRO LATTICES FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

This study aims to design and manufacture different lattices and evaluate their success in terms of compression strength. Structures with a high surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio and microporosity are designed to mimic cancellous bone tissue. The volume-centered cubic and face-centered cubic lattice structures are higher in terms of the SA:V ratio among the designed specimens. Specimens in the cylindrical form used with four different lattices were successfully produced by 3D (Digital Light Processing) DLP printing. A preliminary evaluation of the lattices was made by searching for the lowest stress and displacement values under compression load with finite element analysis. The lowest von-Mises stress value was 6.37 MPa in the simple cubic lattice structure. The compression test was carried out under quasi-static conditions with equal preloading. The loads at onset damage were compared. The highest fracture average load was in face-centered cubic lattice structures with 10.14 kN. Among the specimens with low standard deviation in the compression test, the simple cubic and gyroid lattice structures’ fracture force is higher.

Keywords:

Lattices, Digital Light Processing (DLP), Bone Tissue Engineering,

PDF

___

1. H. Jodati, B. Yılmaz, ve Z. Evis, “A review of bioceramic porous scaffolds for hard tissue applications: Effects of structural features”, Ceram. Int., (January) 2020.
2. M. Afshar, A. Pourkamali Anaraki, ve H. Montazerian, “Compressive characteristics of radially graded porosity scaffolds architectured with minimal surfaces”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 92(June), s 254–267, 2018.
3. Z. Chen, Z. Li, J. Li, C.C. Liu, C. Lao, Y. Fu, C.C. Liu, Y. Li, P. Wang, ve Y. He, “3D printing of ceramics: A review”, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 39(4), s 661–687, 2019.
4. H.A. Zaharin, A.M.A. Rani, F.I. Azam, T.L. Ginta, N. Sallih, A. Ahmad, N.A. Yunus, ve T.Z.A. Zulkifli, “Effect of unit cell type and pore size on porosity and mechanical behavior of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V scaffolds”, Materials (Basel), 11(12), 2018.
5. T.D. Ngo, A. Kashani, G. Imbalzano, K.T.Q. Nguyen, ve D. Hui, “Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges”, Compos. Part B Eng., 143, s 172–196, 2018.
6. T. Maconachie, M. Leary, B. Lozanovski, X. Zhang, M. Qian, O. Faruque, ve M. Brandt, “SLM lattice structures: Properties, performance, applications and challenges”, Mater. Des., 183, s 108137, 2019.
7. A. du Plessis, C. Broeckhoven, I. Yadroitsava, I. Yadroitsev, C.H. Hands, R. Kunju, ve D. Bhate, “Beautiful and Functional: A Review of Biomimetic Design in Additive Manufacturing”, Addit. Manuf., 27, s 408–427, 2019.
8. D. Ali ve S. Sen, “Finite element analysis of mechanical behavior, permeability and fluid induced wall shear stress of high porosity scaffolds with gyroid and lattice-based architectures”, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 75(July), s 262–270, 2017.
9. L. Liu, P. Kamm, F. García-Moreno, J. Banhart, ve D. Pasini, “Elastic and failure response of imperfect three-dimensional metallic lattices: the role of geometric defects induced by Selective Laser Melting”, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Elsevier Ltd, 107, s 160–184, 2017.
10. A. Zargarian, M. Esfahanian, J. Kadkhodapour, S. Ziaei-Rad, ve D. Zamani, “On the fatigue behavior of additive manufactured lattice structures”, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., Elsevier B.V., 100, s 225–232, 2019.
11. C. Yan, L. Hao, A. Hussein, ve D. Raymont, “Evaluations of cellular lattice structures manufactured using selective laser melting”, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 62, s 32–38, 2012.
12. R. Gümrük, R.A.W. Mines, ve S. Karadeniz, “Static mechanical behaviours of stainless steel micro-lattice structures under different loading conditions”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 586, s 392–406, 2013.
13. A. Yánez, A. Herrera, O. Martel, D. Monopoli, ve H. Afonso, “Compressive behaviour of gyroid lattice structures for human cancellous bone implant applications”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 68, s 445–448, 2016.
14. D. Kang, S. Park, Y. Son, S. Yeon, S.H. Kim, ve I. Kim, “Multi-lattice inner structures for high-strength and light-weight in metal selective laser melting process”, Mater. Des., 175, s 107786, 2019.
15. T. Tancogne-Dejean, M. Diamantopoulou, M.B. Gorji, C. Bonatti, ve D. Mohr, “3D Plate-Lattices: An Emerging Class of Low-Density Metamaterial Exhibiting Optimal Isotropic Stiffness”, Adv. Mater., 30(45), s 1–6, 2018.
16. L. Yang, C. Yan, C. Han, P. Chen, S. Yang, ve Y. Shi, “Mechanical response of a triply periodic minimal surface cellular structures manufactured by selective laser melting”, Int. J. Mech. Sci., s 149–157, 2017.
17. O. Al-Ketan, R. Rowshan, ve R.K. Abu Al-Rub, “Topology-mechanical property relationship of 3D printed strut, skeletal, and sheet based periodic metallic cellular materials”, Addit. Manuf., 19, s 167–183, 2018.
18. Aydın M., Yıldırım F., Çantı E., “Farkli Yazdirma Parametrelerinde Pla Filamentin Işlem Performansinin Incelenmesi”, 4th International Congress on 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing) Technologies and Digital Industry, Pages 102-115, Antalya, 2019.
19. Dokuz M.E., “3 Boyutlu DLP Yöntemiyle HA Katkılı Kompozit Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu”, M.Sc. thesis, [Ha Doped Composite Production By 3 Dimensional DLP Method and Characterization] [Thesis in Turkish], Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya, 2020.