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Sağlığın Kavramsallaştırılması ve İnsan Odaklı Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Kalite ve Akreditasyon Perspektifi

Tarihsel süreç içerisinde sağlık hizmetlerinin odak nesnesi farklı toplum ve zamanlardadeğişkenlik göstermiştir. Hastalık merkezli, hasta merkezli, toplum merkezli ve insan merkezliolmak üzere sağlık hizmetinin odağına yerleşen bu kavramlar sağlık hizmeti sisteminintasarımında belirleyici olmuşlardır. Bunlara çatı oluşturan kavramsal yaklaşımların enönemlileri biyomedikal model ve biyopsikososyal modeldir. Hastalık ve sağlık durumuna ilişkinalgılamaları belirleyen bu modeller insana ve insanın sağlık durumuna ilişkin farklı sayıltılarasahiptirler. 1980’li yıllara kadar biyomedikal modelin hâkim olduğu sağlık hizmetleri ve tıbbipratikler alanı bulunmaktadır. 1948’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından sağlık tanımına farklıbir bakış açısı getirilmiş olması biyopsikososyal modelin doğuşunu sağlamıştır. 1980’lerdebaşlayan sağlık reform dalgası 1990’lara gelindiğinde sağlık sistemlerine insan merkezlisağlık hizmetiyle uyumlu kalite ve akreditasyon çalışmaları entegre edilmiştir. Çalışmadabiyopsikososyal modelin sağlık ve hastalık yaklaşımının insan merkezli sağlık uygulamaları vekalite akreditasyon çalışmalarıyla ilişkisi tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan odaklı sağlık hizmeti, Biyomedikal model, Biyopsikososyal model, Kalite, Akreditasyon

Health Conceptualization and Quality and Accreditation Perspective in Person-Centered Health Care

In the historical process, the focus object of health services has changed in differentsocieties and times. These concepts, which are centered on healthcare services such as diseasecenteredcare, patient-centered care, community-centered care and person-centered care, havebeen determinative in the design of health care system. The biomedical model and biopsychosocialmodel are the most important conceptual approaches that provide a framework for these typesof care. These models, which determine the perceptions of disease and health status, havedifferent assumptions about human and human health status. Until the 1980s, there was a fieldof health services and medical practices dominated by the biomedical model. The introductionof a different perspective on the definition of health by WHO in 1948 enabled the developmentof the biopsychosocial model. The health reform wave that began in the 1980s, and in the 1990s,quality and accreditation activities that are compatible with human-centered health care wereintegrated into health systems. In this study, the relationship between biopsychosocial modeland person-centered health practices and quality accreditation studies is discussed.
Keywords:

Person-Centered health service, Biomedical model, Biopsychosocial model, Quality, Accreditation,

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İnsan ve İnsan-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2014
  • Yayıncı: Okur Yazar Derneği
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