David Hume’s Account of Justice
Bu çalışmada, David Hume’un adalet kuramı ahlak, siyaset ve toplum açısından eleştirel bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak Hume’un adalet anlayışı bedavacılık sorunu sayesinde sorgulanmıştır. İlk olarak ahlak ve adalet arasındaki ilişki tahkik edilmiştir. Erken çalışmalarında Hume duygudaşlığı ciddiye alsa da sonraki çalışmalarında onu sağlam bir temel olarak görmez. Ardından adalet erdeminin tam yerini ve gerekliliğini belirlemek için adalet koşulları açıklanmıştır. Yapıbozum yoluyla Hume, adalet erdeminin gerekli olduğu durumları göstermektedir. Adalet büyük oranda insanların çevresiyle ve eğilimleriyle ilişkilidir. Sonra, adaletin yapay yapısı açıklanacaktır. Sonra, Hume’un adalet yasaları verilecek ve değerlendirilecektir: mülkiyetin istikrarı, sözleşme yoluyla mülkiyet alışverişi ve ahde vefa. Hume’un adalet yasalarının ekseriyetle iktisâdî adaletle ilgili olduğu tartışılmıştır. Bireylerin adil davranmalarını sağlayan temel saik kontrol edilmiş kişisel çıkardır. Kişisel çıkar kamu yararına hizmet edecek şekilde düzenlenmelidir. Adalet yasaları insani uzlaşımlar sayesinde oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın başlıca kaynakları David Hume’un şu eserleridir: İnsan Doğası Üzerine Bir İnceleme, [1739] 1978; Ahlakın İlkeleri İle İlgili Bir Araştırma, [1751] 1998 ve Siyasi Denemeler, 1994.
David Hume’s Account of Justice
In this study, Hume’s theory of justice is examined critically with respect to morality, politics, andsociety. In addition to that, Hume’s account of justice is questioned owing to the free rider problem. First,the relationship between morality and justice is investigated. Although Hume takes sympathy seriously inhis early works, he does not take sympathy to be a sure foundation in his later works. Then, circumstancesof justice are explained to find exact place and necessity of the virtue of justice. With the way of deconstruction, Hume shows the cases that the virtue of justice is needed. Justice is largely concerned with theenvironment and dispositions of persons. Next, the artificial character of justice will be explained. Then,Hume’s laws of justice will be given and assessed: stability of property, exchange of property by agreement, andperformance of promises. It is argued that Hume’s laws of justice mostly relate to economic justice. The chiefdrive that causes individuals to act justly is disciplined self-interest. Self-interest should be organized forpublic utility. Laws of justice are created by human conventions. The primary sources of the investigationare: Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature, [1739] 1978; An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, [1751]1998 and Political Essays, 1994.
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- ISSN: 2146-7099
- Yayın Aralığı: 4
- Yayıncı: İlmi Etüdler Derneği