TIBBİ UYGULAMALARDA KULLANILAN BİYOUYUMLU BİYOMALZEMELER

Biyomalzemeler, canlı bir sistemin parçası yerine geçen veya canlı doku ile temas içinde çalışması için kullanılan doğal veya yapay malzemelerdir. Hastalıklı veya hasar görmüş organ ya da dokuların yerine kullanılmaları yanı sıra, bazı vücut fonksiyonlarını düzeltmek için omurga sabitleyiciler, bazı organların fonksiyonelliğini artırmak için kontakt lens, kalp pili, işitme cihazı gibi biyomalzemeler kullanılmaktadır. Ameliyat ipliği, vidalar, deri implantasyonu, silikonlar, diş telleri ve dental implantlar gibi pek çok alanda biyomalzemeler kullanılmaktadır. Biyomalzemeler, teknolojik gelişmesini sürdürürken biyouyumluluklarının çok önemli olduğu karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tıbbi uygulamalarda kullanılan biyomalzemelerin belli bir süre veya sürekli canlı dokuyla teması sırasında olumsuz durumlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu olumsuzlukların giderilebilmesi işlemleri ve biyouyumlu biyomalzeme üretimi bir multidisipliner çalışma alanıdır. Bu çalışmada temel biyomalzeme çeşitleri, tıbbi uygulamalardaki kullanımları ve gelecekteki yeni-nesil biyouyumlu biyomalzemelerin üretiminin önemi belirtilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyomalzeme, Biyouyum, İmplant

Biocompatible Biomaterials Used in Medical Applications

Biomaterials are natural or artificial materials that replace part of a living system or are used to work in contact with living tissue. In addition to their usage in replacing diseased or damaged organs or tissues, spinal stabilizers are used to correct some body functions, biomaterials such as contact lenses, pacemakers, hearing aids are used to increase the functionality of some organs. Biomaterials are used in many areas such as surgical thread, screws, skin implantation, silicones, braces and dental implants. While biomaterials continue its technological development, it appears that biocompatibility is very important. Adverse conditions may occur when biomaterials used in medical applications come into contact with living tissue for a certain or continual period of time. To overcome these problems and to produce biocompatible biomaterials is a multidisciplinary field of study. In this study, basic biomaterial types, their use in medical applications and the importance of the production of future new-generation biocompatible biomaterials are indicated.

Keywords:

Biocompatibility, Biomaterial, Implant,

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