SAĞLIK ALANINDA KULLANILAN AKILLI POLİMERLER

Polimerler, tekrar eden birimler olarak adlandırılan bir dizi monomer oluşturan uzun zincirli moleküllerdir. Polimerler monomerlerin kimyasal reaksiyonu ile elde edilir. Polimerler doğal (organik) veya sentetik olabilir. Sentetik polimerler ondokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren incelenmeye başlandı. Bugün, polimer endüstrisi hızla gelişmektedir. Bu gelişmelerin sayesinde akıllı polimerler elde edilmiştir. Akıllı materyaller, çevresel faktörlere duyarlı veya sahip oldukları konumu hisseden ve bunlardaki bir değişimle belirlenen yön doğrultusunda fonksiyonunu değiştiren materyallerdir. Akıllı materyallerin en önemli türlerinden biri şekil hafızalı materyallerdir. Şekil hafızalı materyaller; şekil hafızalı alaşımlar, şekil hafızalı seramikler, şekil hafızalı polimerler, şekil hafızalı jeller ve şekil hafızalı hibrid materyaller olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Şekil hafıza etkisi, materyalin sıcaklık, nem, pH, elektrik akımı, manyetik alan, ışık gibi bir uyarana tepki olarak şekil değiştirme (deforme olma) kabiliyetidir. Bu çalışmada; sağlık alanında kullanılan akıllı materyaller hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Ekolojik ortamda bulunan doğal akıllı materyaller incelenmektedir. Laboratuar ortamlarda elde edilen akıllı polimerlerin üzerinde durulmaktadır. Sağlık alanında kullanılan akıllı polimer materyallerin kullanımındaki son gelişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Polimerler, Akıllı polimerler, Şekil hafızalı polimerler, Şekil hafıza etkisi

Smart Polymers Used in the Field of Health

Polymers are long chain molecules that form a series of monomers called repeating units. Polymers are obtained by chemical reaction of monomers. The polymers may be natural (organic) or synthetic. Synthetic polymers began to be studied from the middle of the nineteenth century. Today, the polymer industry is developing rapidly. Thanks to these developments, smart polymers were obtained. Smart materials are materials that are sensitive to environmental factors or feel their position and change their function in a direction determined by a change in them. One of the most important types of smart materials are shape memory materials. Shape memory materials; Shape memory alloys are grouped as shape memory ceramics, shape memory polymers, shape memory gels, and shape memory hybrid materials. The shape memory effect is the ability of the material to deform in response to a stimulus such as temperature, humidity, pH, electric current, magnetic field, light. In this study; information is given about the smart materials used in the field of health. Natural intelligent materials in the ecological environment are examined. Smart polymers obtained in the laboratory are emphasized. Recent developments in the use of smart polymer materials used in the health field have been emphasized.

Keywords:

Polymers, Smart polymers,

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