Akran Arabulucuların Perspektifinden Çatışan Öğrencilerin Arabuluculuk Sürecinde Yaşadığı Zorluklar

Bu araştırmanın amacı, akran arabuluculuk sürecinde çatışma yaşayan öğrencilerin yaşadıkları güçlükleri arabulucu öğrencilerin bakış açısından incelemektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma tekniklerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Arkadaşlarının çatışmalarınının çözümünde arabuluculuk yapan 24 kız ve 21 erkek olmak üzere toplam 45 arabulucu öğrenci ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda çatışan öğrencilerin arabuluculuk sürecinde beş farklı arabuluculuk basamağında farklı güçlükler yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Arabulucuların belirttikleri en belirgin güçlük, çatışan öğrencilerin isteklerini-nedenlerini ve duygularını-nedenlerini ifade etmekte yaşadıkları güçlüklerdir. Benzer biçimde arabulucular çatışan öğrencilerin kendilerini ifade ederken duygusal direnç gösterdiklerini vurgulamıştır. Bu güçlüklere paralel olarak arabulucular çatışan öğrencilerin birbirleriyle empati kurarken, soruna ötekinin gözüyle bakarken ya güçlük yaşadıklarını ya da direnç gösterdiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bu güçlüğün doğrusal sonucu olarak da çatışan öğrencilerin çözüm seçeneği üretirken güçlük çektikleri, ya çözüm seçeneği üretemedikleri ya da kendilerine dönük çözüm seçeneği ürettikleri arabulucular tarafından vurgulanmıştır. Bunlara karşın erkek arabulucular tarafından, son aşamada çatışan tarafların anlaşmaya varırken kısmen güçlük yaşadıkları vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Akran arabuluculuk, anlaşmazlık çözümü, müzakere

Difficulties Conflicting Students Face during Mediation from Peer Mediators\' Perspective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difficulties conflicting students encountered during mediation process as identified by peer mediator students. The study utilized semi-structured interview technique. Interview forms were used as data collection instrument and 45 peer mediators (24 females and 21 males) were interviewed. Results of the study indicated that conflicting students had certain types of difficulty in various areas while completing the five steps of the mediation process. The most prevalent of them was the difficulty and inability of the disputants to express their needs-reasons and their emotions-reasons. Similarly, mediator students also observed a certain level of emotional resistance by the conflicting students at this step. Thus, conflicting students either failed or showed resistance when attempting to look at the issue from the other’s perspective or empathize with them. As a direct result of this, conflicting students also experienced some difficulty in presenting solution alternatives and either failed to arrive at a solution or came up with self-serving ones. Furthermore, particularly male peer mediator students expressly stated that conflicting students had some difficulty in the last step of reaching an agreement.

Keywords:

Peer Mediation, Conflict Resolution, Negotiation,

PDF

___

Bickmore, K. (2002). Peer mediation training and program implementation in elementary schools: Research results. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 20 (2), 137-160.
Bodine, J. R., Crawford, K. D., & Schrumpf, F. (2002, a). Creating peaceable school: A comprehensive program for teaching conflict resolution: Program guide (2nd ed.). Illinois: Research Press.
Bodine, J. R., Crawford, K. D., & Schrumpf, F. (2002, b). Creating peaceable school: A comprehensive program for teaching conflict resolution: Student manual (2nd ed.). Illinois: Research Press.
Burrell, A. N., Zirbel, S. C., & Allen, M. (2003). Evaluating Peer Mediation Outcomes in Educational Settings: A MetaAnalytic Review. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 21 (1), 7-26.
Cohen, R. (1995). Peer Mediation in Schools: Students Resolving Conflict. NewJersey: Good Year Books.
Girard, K., & Koch, J. S. (1996). Conflict resolution in the school: A manual for educators. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, R.T. (1994). Effects of conflict resolution training on elementary school students. Journal of Social Psychology, 134(6) 803–817.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1995, a). Teaching students to be peacemakers. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Co.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995, b). Our mediation notebook (3rd ed.). Edina MN: Interaction Book Co.
Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., Dudley, B., & Magnuson, D. (1995). Training elementary school students to manage conflict. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(6), 673–686.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1996). Peacemakers: Teaching students to resolve their own and schoolmates' conflicts. Focus on Exceptional Children, 28, (6), 11 (1), 1-12.
Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., Mitchell, J., Cotton, B., Harris, D., & Louison, S. (1996). Effectiveness of conflict managers in an inner-city elementary school. Journal of Educational Research, 89(5), 280–287.
Lupton-Smith, H. S., & Carruthers, W. L. (1996). Conflict resolution as peer mediation: Programs for elementary, middle, and high school students. School Counselor, 43 (5), 374-392.
Maxwell, J.P. (1989). Mediation in the schools: Self-regulation, self-esteem, and self-discipline. Mediation Quarterly, 7(2), 149–155.
Messing, J. K. (1993). Mediation: An intervention strategy for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72 (1), 67-73.
Miles, B.M., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, Inc.
Moriarty, A., & McDonald, S. (1991). Theoretical dimensions of school-based mediation. Social Work in Education, 13 (3), 176-185.
Schrumpf, F., Crawford, K. D., & Bodine, J. R. (1997, a). Peer mediation: Conflict resolution in schools: Program guide. Illinois: Research Press.
Schrumpf, F., Crawford, K. D., & Bodine, J. R. (1997, b). Peer mediation: Conflict resolution in schools. Student manual. Illinois: Research Press.
Simpson, C. (1998). Coping through conflict resolution and peer mediation. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.
Teolis, B. (1998). Ready to use conflict resolution activities: for elementary students. New York: The center for applied research in education.
Thompson, S. M. (1996). Peer mediation: A peaceful solution. School Counselor, 44 (2), 151-155.
Tolson, E. R., & McDonald, S. (1992). Peer mediation among high school students: A test of effectiveness. Social Work in Education, 14 (2), 86-94.
Türnüklü, A., Kaçmaz, T., Sünbül, D. & Gürler, H. (2010). Effects of Conflict Resolution and Peer Mediation Training in a Turkish High School. Australian Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 20 (1), 69-80.
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.