First paragraph: The turn of the 20th century witnessed several attempts by Mus-lim scholars to renew Islamic theology in the face of ideological challenges posed by the West. Contributing to a new kalām, prominent scholars like Shiblī Nuʿmānī (d. 1914) in the Indian Subcontinent, Muḥammad ʿAbduh (d. 1905) in Egypt and İzmirli İsmail Hakkı (d. 1946) in Ottoman Turkey believed that the theological heritage of Islam would no longer suffice for demands of a Muslim mind living in the modern world. Bearing such a significant title, contemporary Moroccan scholar Ṭāhā ʿAbd al-Raḥmān’s important book offers re-markable observations on the meaning of Islamic theology today. Moreover, he questions the misinterpretations of Islamic philosophy by several modern writers whose works remain quite popular in the field.