Yönetsel Değer Çalışmalarına Yönelik Bir Yazın İncelemesi

Bu çalışmada, değer kavramı detaylı bir biçimde irdelenmiştir. Bir kavram olarak değer farklı açılardan ele alınmış, sonrasında tutum, norm, inanç, davranış, kişilik ve karakter gibi ilişkili kavramlar ile birlikte açıklanmıştır. Yönetsel değerler, iş değerleri ve örgütsel düzeyde değerlere dair açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Yönetsel değerleri kültürlerarası bağlamda ve ulusal kültür bağlamında ele alan çalışmalara yönelik bir yazın taramasına yer verilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yönetsel değerleri demografik değişkenler, fonksiyonel farklılıklar ve birtakım diğer örgütsel değişkenler açısından ele alan çalışmalar da irdelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmanın esas amacı yönetsel değer kavramını ele alan çalışmalara ilişkin detaylı bir inceleme sunmaktır. Çalışmada, yönetsel değer çalışmalarının hangi alanlarda yoğunlaştığına, bu alanlarda hangi çalışmaların yapıldığına ve bu alanların nasıl kategorize edilebileceğine dair sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Yazında kültürlerarası karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle yönetsel değerleri inceleyen çalışmaların ve ulusal kültürde baskın olan yönetsel değerlerin açığa çıkarılmasına yönelik çalışmaların daha yoğun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın, ilgili alanda çalışma yapacak olan araştırmacılara alana dair detaylı bir perspektif sunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Değer, Yönetsel Değer, Kültürlerarası, Yazın Taraması.

A Literature Review on Managerial Value Studies

In this study, the concept of value is examined in detail. Value as a concept is discussed from different perspectives, and then related concepts such as attitude, norm, belief, behavior, personality and character the concept of value are discussed together. There are explanations about managerial values, work values and organizational values. A literature review for studies dealing with managerial values in the context of cross-cultural and national culture is included. In addition, studies that deal with managerial values in terms of demographic variables, functional differences and some other organizational variables are also examined. In this direction, the main purpose of this study is to present a detailed examination of the studies that deal with concept of managerial value. In the study, answers were sought to questions about which areas of managerial value studies focused on, which studies were carried out in these areas, and how these areas could be categorized. In the literature, it has been observed that studies examining managerial values with and cross-cultural perspective and studies aimed revealing the dominant managerial values in national culture are more intense. It is thought that the study will provide a detailed perspective to the researchers in the field.

Keywords:

Value, Managerial Value, Cross-cultural, Literature Review.,

PDF

___

Alas, R. (2006). Ethics in countries with different cultural dimensions. Journal of Business Ethics, 69(3), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9088-3
Alexashin, Y., ve Blenkinsopp, J. (2005). Changes in Russian managerial values: A test of the convergence hypothesis?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(3), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000339589
Alexy, R. (2000). On the structure of legal principles. Ratio juris, 13(3), 294-304.
Ali, A., ve Al-Shakis, M. (1985). Managerial value systems for working in Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation. Group ve Organization Studies, 10(2), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118501000203
Ali, A. J., ve Wahabi, R. (1995). Managerial value systems in Morocco. International Studies of Management ve Organization, 25(3), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1995.11656661
Ali, A. J., Azim, A. A., ve Krishnan, K. S. (1995). Expatriates and host country nationals: managerial values and decision styles. Leadership ve Organization Development Journal, 16(6), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739510092252
Ali, A. J., ve Amirshahi, M. (2002). The Iranian manager: Work values and orientations. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020357008438
Altıntaş, F. Ç. (2008). A comparative analysis of Turkish and German managers’ personal values. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(4), 65-87.
Arbak, Y. (2005). Dominant values of Turkish organizations: A contradictory phenomenon. Review of Social, Economic ve Business Studies, 5(6), 69-88.
Argandoña, A. (2003). Fostering values in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024164210743
Arslan, M. (2000). A cross‐cultural comparison of British and Turkish managers in terms of Protestant work ethic characteristics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 9(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00165
Arslan, M. (2001). The work ethic values of protestant British, Catholic Irish and Muslim Turkish managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(4), 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010787528465
Askun, D., Oz, E. U., ve Aşkun, O. B. (2010). Understanding managerial work values in Turkey. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0185-y
Aycan, Z., ve Kirmanoglu, H. (2007). Managerial subcultures in Turkey: how does membership in business associations impact managerial values and assumptions?. European Journal of International Management, 1(1), 111-128.
Badr, H. A., Gray, E. R., ve Kedia, B. L. (1982). Personal values and managerial decision making: Evidence from two cultures. Management International Review, 65-73. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40227647
Bardi, A., ve Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 29(10), 1207-1220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203254602
Barnett, J. H., ve Karson, M. J. (1987). Personal values and business decisions: An exploratory investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 6(5), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382894
Bigoness, W. J., ve Blakely, G. L. (1996). A cross-national study of managerial values. Journal of international business studies, 27(4), 739-748. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490151
Brytting, T., ve Trollestad, C. (2000). Managerial thinking on value-based management. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 13(1), 55-77. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007775731891
Cennamo, L., ve Gardner, D. (2008). Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person‐organisation values fit. Journal of managerial psychology, 23(8), 891-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810904385
Chatman, J. A., ve O’Reilly, C. A. (2016). Paradigm lost: Reinvigorating the study of organizational culture. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 199-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.11.004
Chin, M. K., Hambrick, D. C., ve Treviño, L. K. (2013). Political ideologies of CEOs: The influence of executives’ values on corporate social responsibility. Administrative science quarterly, 58(2), 197-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839213486984
Chinta, R., ve Capar, N. (2007). Comparative analysis of managerial values in the USA and China. Journal of Technology Management in China. https://doi.org/10.1108/17468770710825151
Choi, J., ve Wang, H. (2007). The promise of a managerial values approach to corporate philanthropy. Journal of Business Ethics, 75(4), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9257-4
Chusmir, L. H., Koberg, C. S., ve Mills, J. (1989). Male-female differences in the association of managerial style and personal values. The Journal of Social Psychology, 129(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1989.9711700
Connor, P. E., ve Becker, B. W. (1975). Values and the organization: Suggestions for research. Academy of Management Journal, 18(3), 550-561. https://doi.org/10.5465/255684
Çakmakçı, U. M., ve Karabatı, S. (2008). Exploring managerial values in the changing Turkish business context. Journal of Management Development, 27(7), 693-707. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810883607
Davis, H. J., ve Rasool, S. A. (1988). Values research and managerial behavior: Implications for devising culturally consistent managerial styles. Management International Review, 28(3) 11-20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40227888
Dose, J. J. (1997). Work values: An integrative framework and illustrative application to organizational socialization. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 70(3), 219-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00645.x
Elizur, D., Borg, I., Hunt, R., ve Beck, I. M. (1991). The structure of work values: A cross cultural comparison. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030120103
England, G. W. (1967). Personal value systems of American managers. Academy of Management journal, 10(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.5465/255244
Flowers, V. S. (1975). Managerial values for working. New York: American Management Association.
Furnham, A., ve Quilley, R. (1989). The Protestant work ethic and the prisoner's dilemma game. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28(1), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1989.tb00848.x
Furnham, A. (1990). A content, correlational, and factor analytic study of seven questionnaire measures of the Protestant work ethic. Human relations, 43(4), 383-399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726790043004
Gecas, V. (2000). Value identities, self-motives, and social movements. In S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, & R. W. White (Eds.), Self, identity, and social movements (pp. 93–109). University of Minnesota Press.
Gopalan, S., ve Kavas, A. (2005). Gaining a perspective on Turkish value orientations: Implications for expatriate managers. In Allied Academies International Conference. Academy for Studies in International Business. Proceedings (Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 15). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc.
Guth, W. D., ve Tagiuri, R. (1965). Personal values and corporate-strategy. Harvard Business Review, 43(5), 123-132.
Hambrick, D. C., Geletkancyz, M.A. ve Fredrickson, W. (1993). Top Executive Commitment to the Status Quo: Some tests of its determinants. Strategic Management Journal, 14(6), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140602
Hamidullah, M. F., Riccucci, N. M., ve Pandey, S. K. (2015). Women in city hall: Gender dimensions of managerial values. The American Review of Public Administration, 45(3), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013498464
Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., ve Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well‐being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.x
Higgs, M., ve Lichtenstein, S. (2010). Exploring the ‘jingle fallacy’: a study of personality and values. Journal of General Management, 36(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/030630701003600103
Hiley, D. R. (1987). Power and values in corporate life. Journal of business Ethics, 6(5), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382890
Hitlin, S. (2003). Values as the core of personal identity: Drawing links between two theories of self. Social psychology quarterly, 66(2), 118-137. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519843
Hitlin, S., ve Piliavin, J. A. (2004). Values: Reviving a dormant concept. Annual review of sociology, 30, 359-393. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110640
Hodgkinson, C. (1970). Organizational influence on value systems. Educational Administration Quarterly, 6(3), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X7000600304
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International studies of management ve organization, 10(4), 15-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1980.11656300
Jaeger, A. M., Butt, A. N., Avrichir, I., Farashahi, M. E. H. D. I., ve Hafsi, T. A. I. E. B. (2010). Managerial values in developing countries: Global convergence or local divergence. Organizing and managing in the era of globalization, 259-271.
Karakitapoğlu Aygün, Z., Arslan, M., ve Güney, S. (2008). Work values of Turkish and American university students. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(2), 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9413-5
Keleş, S., ve Aycan, Z. (2011). The relationship of managerial values and assumptions with performance management in Turkey: understanding within culture variability. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(15), 3080-3096. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.599952
Kluckhohn, C. ve Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variatons in Value-Orientations. Wiley.
Korukonda, A. R. (1991). Managerial value and belief systems in a cross-national context: The case of thetrivial significance. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 4(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01714892
Kozan, M. K. (2002). Subcultures and conflict management style. MIR: Management International Review, 42(1), 89-105.
Lenartowicz, T., ve Johnson, J. P. (2002). Comparing managerial values in twelve Latin American countries: An exploratory study. MIR: Management International Review, 42(3), 279-307. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40835925
McGuire, D., Garavan, T. N., Saha, S. K., ve O'Donnell, D. (2006). The impact of individual values on human resource decision‐making by line managers. International journal of manpower, 27(3), 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720610672167
Murphy Jr, E. F., ve Gibson, J. W. (2010). Analyzing Generational Values Among Sustainable Organizational Effectiveness. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 75(1), 33-55.
Leung, K., ve Morris, M. W. (2015). Values, schemas, and norms in the culture–behavior nexus: A situated dynamics framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(9), 1028-1050. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.66
Lord, R. G., ve Brown, D. J. (2001). Leadership, values, and subordinate self-concepts. The Leadership Quarterly, 12(2), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00072-8
Mumford, M. D., Connelly, M. S., Helton, W. B., Van Doorn, J. R., ve Osburn, H. K. (2002). Alternative approaches for measuring values: Direct and indirect assessments in performance prediction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(2), 348-373. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1860
Olver, J. M., ve Mooradian, T. A. (2003). Personality traits and personal values: A conceptual and empirical integration. Personality and individual differences, 35(1), 109-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00145-9
Posner, B. Z., ve Munson, J. M. (1979). The importance of values in understanding organizational behavior. Human Resource Management, 18(3), 9.
Posner, B. Z., Randolph, W. A., ve Schmidt, W. H. (1987). Managerial values across functions: a source of organizational problems. Group ve Organization Studies, 12(4), 373-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118701200402
Posner, B. Z. (2010). Values and the American manager: A three-decade perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(4), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0098-9
Powell, G. N., Posner, B. Z., ve Schmidt, W. H. (1984). Sex effects on managerial value systems. Human Relations, 37(11), 909-921. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678403701103
Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Elsass, P. M., Cheung, F., ve Terpstra, R. H. (1992). Eastern values: A comparison of managers in the United States, Hong Kong, and the People's Republic of China. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 664-671. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.664
Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Cheung, F. M., ve Terpstra, R. H. (1993). Differences in managerial values: A study of US, Hong Kong and PRC managers. Journal of international business studies, 24(2), 249-275. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490232
Ralston, D. A., Holt, D. H., Terpstra, R. H., ve Kai-Cheng, Y. (1997). The impact of natural culture and economic ideology on managerial work values: a study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. Journal of international business studies, 28(1), 177-207. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490097
Ralston, D. A., Pounder, J., Lo, C. W., Wong, Y. Y., Egri, C. P., ve Stauffer, J. (2006). Stability and change in managerial work values: A longitudinal study of China, Hong Kong, and the US. Management and Organization Review, 2(1), 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2006.00031.x
Ralston, D. A., Egri, C. P., Reynaud, E., Srinivasan, N., Furrer, O., Brock, D., ... ve Wallace, A. (2011). A twenty-first century assessment of values across the global workforce. Journal of business ethics, 104(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0835-8
Ravlin, E. C., ve Meglino, B. M. (1987). Effect of values on perception and decision making: A study of alternative work values measures. Journal of Applied psychology, 72(4), 666-673. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.4.666
Reynaud, E., Egri, C. P., Ralston, D. A., Danis, W., Starkus, A., Dabic, M., ... ve Wallace, A. (2007). The Differences in Values Between Managers of the European Founding Countries, the New Members and the Applicant Countries:: Societal Orientation or Financial Orientation?. European Management Journal, 25(2), 132-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.02.005
Rindova, V. P., ve Martins, L. L. (2018). From values to value: Value rationality and the creation of great strategies. Strategy Science, 3(1), 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2017.0038
Roccas, S., Schwartz, S. H., ve Amit, A. (2010). Personal value priorities and national identification. Political Psychology, 31(3), 393-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00763.x
Rohan, M. J. (2000). A rose by any name? The values construct. Personality and social psychology review, 4(3), 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0403_4
Rokeach, M. (1968). A theory of organization and change within value-attitude systems. Journal of social issues. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1968.tb01466.x
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1-65). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values?. Journal of social issues, 50(4), 19-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x
Schwartz, S. (2006). A theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and applications. Comparative sociology, 5(2-3), 137-182.
Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1116
Tan, B. (2002). The impact of national environment on managerial value systems: A comparative study of Chinese managers in the United States, Singapore and the People's Republic of China. MIR: Management International Review, 42(4), 473-486. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40835506
Waldman, D. A., Sully de Luque, M., Washburn, N., House, R. J., Adetoun, B., Barrasa, A., ... ve Wilderom, C. P. (2006). Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management: A GLOBE study of 15 countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 823-837. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400230
Weber, J. (1990). Managerial value orientations: A typology and assessment. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 3(2), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01732412
Weber, J. (2015). Identifying and assessing managerial value orientations: A Cross-generational replication study of key organizational decision-makers’ values. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2364-8
Westwood, R. I., ve Posner, B. Z. (1997). Managerial values across cultures: Australia, Hong Kong and the United States. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 14(1), 31-66. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015481028914
Whitely, W., ve England, G. W. (1977). Managerial values as a reflection of culture and the process of industrialization. Academy of Management Journal, 20(3), 439-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/255417