Bölgesel Kalkınmada Kurumsal Sermaye

Küreselleşme ile birlikte yerel kalkınmaya olan yaklaşımlarda değişiklik yaşanmıştır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde bile bölgeler arası dengesizliklerin sürmesi, yerel kalkınmada etkili olabilen yerele özgü içsel faktörlere odaklanılmasına neden olmuştur. Yerel kurumsal altyapı bu faktörlerden biridir. Son yıllarda bazı araştırmacılar, kurumsal altyapının oluşturduğu yönetişim sinerjisini tanımlamak için, temelleri Yeni Kurumsal Ekonomi okuluna ve Marshall’ın “endüstriyel atmosfer” tezine dayanan “kurumsal sermaye” kavramını kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Kurumsal sermaye, kurumsal aktörler olan kamu kurumları ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının kendi içlerindeki ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinde ve etkileşimlerinde yatan bir kaynak olarak tanımlanabilir. Kurumsal sermaye tek başına kalkınmayı sağlayan bir süper formül değildir. Bununla birlikte, kurumsal sermayenin işlem maliyetlerini düşürerek, bölgesel kalkınmayı kolaylaştırıcı etkileri olabilmektedir. Arz yönlü bir kavram olan kurumsal sermaye, diğer bölgesel kaynakların etkinliğini artıran etkili bir politika aracı olarak kullanılabilir. Kurumsal sermayenin düzeyinin belirlenmesi, nitel belirleyicileri olmasından dolayı zor olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kurumlar, Kurumsal Sermaye, Sosyal Sermaye, Bölgesel Kalkınma

Institutional Capital in Regional Development

Globalization has changed the approaches to local development. Continuing imbalances even between the regions of developed countries have shifted focus on region-specific endogenous factors, which may impact local development. Institutional infrastructure is one of these factors. In recent years, some researchers began to use “institutional capital”, a concept based on New Institutional Economics and on Marshall‟s “industrial atmosphere” thesis, to explain the synergy of governance established by institutional infrastructure. Institutional capital may be defined as a resource which lies within the relations and interaction of actors from both the public and civil society. Institutional capital is not a super formula for regional development per se. However, it may facilitate regional development through lowering transaction costs. As a supplysided concept, institutional capital may be used as an efficient policy tool that amplifies the effectiveness of other resources. Determining the level of institutional capital may be difficult due to its qualitative indicators.

Keywords:

Institutions, Institutional Capital, Social Capital, Regional Development,

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