Gıda ve Genom İnteraksiyonu: Beslenme Genomiği

Beslenme ile sağlıklı yaşam arasındaki ilişki çok uzun zamandır bilinmektedir. Bu ilişkinin temelini oluşturan beslenme genomiği alanı son yıllarda oldukça fazla dikkat çekmektedir. Genomik, proteomik, transkriptomik, metabolomik, epigenomik gibi “omik” teknolojileri ile yakından ilişkili olan beslenme genomiği, gıda bileşenlerinin gen ekspresyonunda oluşturabilecekleri değişiklikleri ve insan vücudunun bu gıda bileşenlerine verebileceği yanıtları incelemektedir. Gıdalar, özellikle DNA metilasyonu, histon modifikasyonları ve kodlamayan RNA gibi mekanizmalarla doğrudan genomun işleyişini etkilemektedirler. Bunların yanında, çölyak, nörodejeneratif rahatsızlıklar, obezite, diyabet, laktoz intolerans, fenilketonüri ve kanser gibi hastalıklar da dolaylı olarak beslenme ile yakından ilişkilidir. Beslenme genomiği alanı gelişim aşamasında olduğundan dolayı, beslenme-sağlık mekanizmasının tam olarak ortaya konulabilmesi için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beslenme genomiği, beslenme, sağlık

Food and Genome Interaction: Nutritional Genomics

The relationship between nutrition and health has been known for long time. Nutritional genomics, which forms the basis of this relationship, has received a lot of attention in recent years. Nutritional genomics, which is closely related to "omics" technologies such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, examines the changes that food ingredients can create in gene expression and the responses of the human body to the food components. Foods directly affect the mechanism of the genome, especially through mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA. In addition, diseases such as celiac, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, diabetes, lactose intolerance, phenylketonuria and cancer are also indirectly related to nutrition. Since the field of nutritional genomics is still developing, more studies are needed to fully reveal the nutrition-health mechanism.

Keywords:

Nutritional genomics, nutrition, health,

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