Vermikompost ve ahır gübresi uygulamalarının ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) bitkisinin gelişimi ve toprak verimliliği üzerine etkileri

Açık tarla koşullarında kış döneminde yürütülen bu çalışmada, farklı dozlarda vermikompost (VC1= 100 kg da-1; VC2= 200 kg da-1), ahır gübresi (AG1=1500 kg da-1 AG2=3000 kg da-1) ve hiçbir muamele yapılmayan kontrol uygulamalarının ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) bitkisinin gelişimi ve toprak verimliliğine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Genel olarak bitki gelişimi, verim, mineral madde kapsamı ve toprak verimliliği parametrelerine AG2 daha etkili olurken, VC’li uygulamalar da kontrole oranla önemli artışlar göstermiştir. Özellikle bitkinin Fe içeriği ile toprağın Ca içeriği üzerine VC2 uygulaması en iyi sonucu vermiştir. Toprağın pH, EC ve organik madde değerleri tüm uygulamalarda kontrole oranla farklı derecelerde artışlar göstermiş; toprağın N, P, K ve Mg içeriklerine AG’li uygulamaların daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, AG2 uygulamasının diğer uygulamalara oranla bitki gelişimi, besin elementi kapsamı ve toprak verimliliği bakımından daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir.

Effects of vermicompost and farmyard manure applications on spinach (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) growth and soil fertility

This study, which was carried out under open field conditions, investigates the effects of different doses of vermicompost (VC1 = 100 kg da-1; VC2 = 200 kg da-1), farmyard manure (FM1 = 1500 kg da-1; FM2 = 3000 kg da-1) and control (without treatment) applications on spinach (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) growth and soil fertility in winter season. Generally, plant growth, yield, nutrient contents and soil fertility parameters were higher in FM2, whereas VC applications gave the better results compared to the control. Especially, VC2 application was more effective on plant Fe and soil Ca concentration. Soil pH, EC and organic matter values increased to a different extent in comparison to the control; we determined that FM applications responded well with regard to soil N, P, K and Mg concentrations. In conclusion, FM2 application was superior to the others in terms of plant growth, nutrient concentrations and soil fertility.

___

  • Anonymous, 2010. FAO Statistical Yearbook. www.fao.org
  • Anonymous, 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis (Ed. A.L. Page). Number 9, Part 2, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1159 pp.
  • Ansari, A.A. 2008. Effect of Vermicompost on the Productivity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Turnip (Brassica campestris). World J. of Agric. Sci., 4(3): 333-336.
  • Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J.D., Lee, S. and Welch, C. 2002. Effects of Vermicompost on Growth and Marketable Fruits of Field-Grown Tomatoes, Peppers and Strawberries. Pedobiologia, 47: 731-735.
  • Azarmi, R., Giglou, M.T. and Taleshmikail, R.D. 2008. Influence of Vermicompost on Soil Chemical and Physical Properties in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) Field. African J. of Biotech. 7(14): 2397- 2401.
  • Bergquist, A.M., Gertsson, U.E., Nordmark, Y.G. and Olsson, M.E. 2007. Ascorbic Acid, Carotenoids, and Visual Quality of Baby Spinach as Affected by Shade Netting and Postharvest Storage. J. Agric. Food Chem, 55: 8444–8451.
  • Black, C.A. 1957. Soil-Plant Relationships. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Black, C.A. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Amer. Society of Agronomy Inc., Publisher
  • Citak, S. and Sonmez, S. 2010. Influence of Organic and Conventional Growing Conditions on the Nutrient Contents of White Head Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) during Two Successive Seasons. J. of Agric. and Food Chem., 58(3):1788-1793.
  • Citak, S. and Sonmez, S., 2009. Mineral Contents of Organically and Conventionally Grown Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) during Two Successive Seasons. J, of Agric. and Food Chem., 57(17): 7892-7898.
  • Evliya, H. 1960. Kültür Bitkilerinin Beslenmesi. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yay. No: 36, 656 s.
  • Garg, V.K., Gupta, R. and Yadav, A., 2010. Vermicomposting Technology for Solid Waste Management. http://www.environmental- expert.com/Files/0/articles/9047/ Vermicomposting_article_for_the_biofertilizer_people.pdf
  • Jackson, M.L., 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi.
  • Kacar, B., 1995. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri. III. Toprak Analizleri. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Eğitim, Araşt. ve Gelişt. Vakfı Yay. No: 3, Ankara.
  • Kacar, B. ve İnal, A., 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yay. No: 1241, Ankara.
  • Kansal, B.D., Singh, B., Bajaj, K.L. and Kaur, G., 1981. Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Farmyard Manure on Yield and Quality of Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). Qual. Plant. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 31: 163–170.
  • Kellog, C. E. 1952. Our Garden Soils. The Macmillian Company. New York. Pages 232.
  • Lampkin, N., 2002. Organic Farming. Old Pond Publishing, 104 Valley Road Ipswich, IPI 4PA, U.K.
  • Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper. Soil Sci. Amer. J., 42(3): 421-428. Madisson, Wisconsin, USA, 1372-1376.
  • Loue, A. 1968. Diagnostic Petiolaire de Prospection. Edutes Sur la Nutrition et al Fertilisation Potassiques de la Vigne. Societe Commerciale des Potasses d’Alsace Services Agromiques, 31-41.
  • Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, E.L., 1982. Phosphorus Soluble in Sodium Bicarbonate, Methods of Soils Analysis. Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Edit: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney, 404-430.
  • Peyvast, Gh., Olfati, J.A., Madeni, S. and Forghani, A. 2007. Effect of Vermicompost on the Growth and Yield of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). J. of Food, Agric. & Environ., 6(1): 132-135.
  • Pizer, N.H. 1967. Some Advisory Aspect. Soil Potassium and Magnesium. Tech. Bull. No.14:184.
  • Schoenau, J.J., 2006. Benefits of Long-Term Application of Manure. Advances in Pork Production, 17; p.153.
  • Soltanpour, P.N. and Workman, S.M., 1981. Use of Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy for the Simultaneous Determination of Macro and Micro Nutrients in NH4HCO3-DTPA Extracts of Soils. In Barnes R.M. (ed). Developments in Atomic Plasma Analysis, pp. 673-680, USA.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1951. Soil survey manual U.S. Department Agriculture Handbook, U.S. Goverment Printing Office Waschington, No. 18.
  • Thun, R., Hermann, R. and Knickman, E. 1955. Die Untersuchung Von Boden. Neuman Verlag, Radelbeul und Berlin, s: 48-48.
  • Watson, C.A., Atkinson, D., Gosling, P., Jackson, L.R. and Rayns, F.W. 2002. Managing Soil Fertility in Organic Farming Systems. Soil Use and Management, 18: 239-247.
  • Yurtsever, N., 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotlar. (Mülga) Köy Hizm. Gen. Md.lüğü Toprak ve Gübre Araşt. Enst. Md.lüğü Yay. No: 121, Teknik Yay. No: 56, Ankara.
  • Vural, H., Esıyok, D., Duman, I. 2000. Kültür Sebzeleri (Sebze Yetiştirme). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü. Bornova İzmir
  • Zengin, M. ve Gür, K., 1998. Farklı Mevsim ve Topraklarda Yetiştirilen Ispanak Bitkisinin Yaş Madde Verimi Üzerine Bazı Gübrelerin Etkileri. S.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 12(16): 122-132, Konya.
Horticultural Studies-Cover
  • ISSN: 2717-882X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2020
  • Yayıncı: Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı