Sağlıkta Hakkaniyet

Öz Hakkaniyet, ahlaki ve etik boyutu olan ve matematiksel eşitlik durumunun ötesinde bir kavramdır. Sağlıkta hakkaniyet, bireylerin ya da hane halklarının herhangi bir koşula bakılmaksızın ihtiyaç duyduğu sağlık hizmetini kullanabildiği durumu ifade etmektedir. Sağlıkta hakkaniyet “yatay” ve “dikey hakkaniyet” olmak üzere iki boyutta değerlendirilmektedir. Yatay hakkaniyet, eşit sağlık ihtiyacı olan bireylerin eşit düzeyde hizmet alabilmesidir. Dikey hakkaniyet ise, daha fazla sağlık ihtiyacı olan bireylere daha fazla sağlık hizmetinin sağlanması anlamına gelir. Dünyada özellikle az gelişmiş ya da gelişmekte olan ülkelerde hakkaniyetli sağlık konusunda çeşitli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu sorunlar büyük ölçüde sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri olarak adlandırılan sosyal ve ekonomik faktörlerden ve sağlık hizmeti kullanımına dair yetersizliklerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü çalışmalarında sağlıkta yaşanan hakkaniyetsizliklere vurgu yaparak, sağlık bakım sistemi ve sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerine ilişkin yapılması gerekenler konusunda ülkelere öneriler geliştirmiş ve sağlıktaki hakkaniyetsizlikleri azaltmaları konusunda tavsiyelerde bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede sağlıkta hakkaniyet kavramı, hakkaniyetin boyutları, sağlıkta hakkaniyeti artırmaya yönelik bilgiler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hakkaniyet, Sağlık, Sosyal Belirleyiciler, Sağlık Hizmeti Kullanımı

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