Memelilerde Cinsiyetin Tayini ve Değerlendirilmesi

Gebe hayvanlarda doğacak yavruların cinsiyetlerinin önceden belirlenebilmesi yetiştiricilikte birçok avantajı beraberinde getirmektedir. Cinsiyetin tayini, et veya süt üretimi yapan işletmelerin üretim stratejilerinin önceden belirlenmesini sağladığı gibi, biyoteknolojik (suni tohumlama, embriyo transferi, in vitro fertilizasyon gibi) programlarının da önceden planlanmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. İşletmelerde çeşitli yöntemlerle doğacak yavrunun cinsiyetinin önceden belirlenmesi ve hatta istenilen cinsiyette yavru elde edilmesi işletmelerle birlikte ülke hayvancılığında ıslah ve genetik ilerlemenin hız kazanmasını sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde, cinsiyeti belirlenmiş sperma kullanılarak istenilen cinsiyette yavru elde edilebilmektedir ve prenatal embriyonik ya da fötal cinsiyetin belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar spermatozoa, embriyo ve fötüsler üzerinde değişik yöntemler uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cinsiyet Tayini, Memeliler, Sperma, Embriyo, Fötüs

Gender Determination and Evaluation in Mammals

The ability to predetermine the sex of offspring in pregnant animals brings with it many advantages in breeding. Gender identification facilitates the planning of biotechnological (artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization) programs in advance, as well as allowing the production strategies of businesses that produce meat or milk to be predetermined. Pre-determination of the sex of the offspring by various methods in the enterprises and even obtaining the offspring in the desired sex ensures that the breeding and genetic progress of the animal husbandry is accelerated in that enterprise. Today, genders can be obtained by sexdetermined sperm method and the studies for determining prenatal embryonic or fetal sex are performed by applying different methods on spermatozoa, embryo and fetuses.

Keywords:

Embryo, fetuses, mammals, sex determination, spermatozoa,

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