Biber meyvelerinde hasat sonrası çürümelere sebep olan bazı fungal hastalık etmenlerine karşı Isothiocyanate bileşiklerinin antifungal etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Depolanmış ürünlerde sorun olan fungal hastalık etmenleri, hasat sonrası ürünlerde kaliteyi sınırlandıran önemli faktörlerden biridir. Hasat sonrası kurutulmalık biberler mikotoksin üreten fungal patojenler tarafından çok sık enfekte olmaktadırlar. Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata ve Fusarium incarnatum, birçok bitkide hasat öncesi ve sonrası dönemlerde hastalıklara neden olan potansiyel mikotoksin üretebilen önemli fungal etmenlerdir. Brassica spp. tarafından üretilen ve geniş antimikrobiyal etkiye sahip olan isothiocyanate (ITC)’lar, glukozinolatların biyolojik olarak aktif bozulma ürünleri ile bağlantılı allelokimyasal bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada, farklı kimyasal yapıdaki isothiocyanate bileşiklerden methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), 2-propenyl (Allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC), benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) ve ethyl isothiocyanate (EITC)’ın Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata ve Fusarium incarnatum izolatlarına karşı in vitro antifungal etkileri araştırılmıştır. Test edilen Fusarium incarnatum, Aspergillus niger ve Alternaria alternata’nın misel gelişimini tamamen engelleyen konsantrasyonları (MIC) baz alındığında en yüksek antifungal etkinlik MITC tarafından sırasıyla 0.06, 0.09 ve 0.09 μl petri-1 konsantrasyonlarında gösterilmiştir. En düşük antifungal aktivite ise A. niger ile F. incarnatum’a karşı EITC (0.15 ve 0.21 μl petri-1), A. alternata’ya karşı ise AITC ve BITC (0.21 μl petri-1) tarafından gösterilmiştir. Farklı yapıdaki ITC’ların MIC değerlerinde genelde fungisidal etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, oldukça düşük konsantrasyonlarda antifungal etkinlik gösteren isothiocyanate’ların, depolanmış tarımsal ürünlerde bozulmalara neden fungal etmenlere karşı fumigant olarak olarak uygulanabilir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antifungal, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium incarnatum, isothiocyanate, mikotoksin

Determination of the antifungal effects of Isothiocyanate compounds against some fungal disease agents that cause postharvest rot in pepper fruits

Fungal disease agents, which are the problem in stored products, are one of the important factors limiting the quality of post-harvest products. Dried peppers are very often infected by fungal pathogens that produce mycotoxins. Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium incarnatum are important fungal agents that can produce potential mycotoxins that cause disease in many plants in the pre- and post-harvest periods. The isothiocyanates (ITCs), produced by Brassica spp. and having broad antimicrobial activity, are allelochemical compounds with antimicrobial activities associated with the biologically active degradation products of glucosinolates. In this study, the in vitro antifungal effects of different isothiocyanate compounds such as methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), 2-propenyl (Allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC), benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and ethyl isothiocyanate (EITC) were investigated against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium incarnatum isolates. Based on the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) that completely inhibit mycelial growth, the highest antifungal activity was displayed by MITC against Fusarium incarnatum, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata at 0.06, 0.09 and 0.09 μl petri-1 concentrations, respectively. The lowest antifungal activities were shown by EITC against A. niger and F. incarnatum at 0.15 and 0.21 μl petri-1, and by AITC and BITC against A. alternata at the concentration of 0.21 μl petri-1. In addition, It has been determined that ITCs compounds generally have fungicidal effects at MIC values. The results showed that isothiocyanates, which have antifungal activity at very low concentrations, have the potential to be applied as a fumigant against fungal agents that cause spoilage in stored agricultural products.

Keywords:

Antifungal, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, isothiocyanate, mycotoxin,

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