Toplum Temelli Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Uygulamaları için Bir Model: Müdahale Çarkı

Müdahale çarkı, Minnesota'da Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Bölümü tarafından halk sağlığı uygulamaları için geliştirilen bir modeldir. Çark renkli bir dış halkadan, beş dilimden ve 17 halk sağlığı müdahalesinden oluşmaktadır. Müdahaleler, halk sağlığı hemşirelerinin birey/aile, topluluk ve sistem düzeyinde kişilerin sağlık durumunu iyileştirmek veya korumak için gerçekleştirdiğieylemlerdir. Bireysel düzeyde müdahaleler, kişilerin bilgi, tutum, inanç, uygulama veya davranışlarını değiştirmeye yöneliktir. Topluluk düzeyinde müdahaleler, toplulukların veyagrupların normlarını, tutumlarını, farkındalığını, uygulamalarını veya davranışlarını değiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sistem düzeyindeki müdahaleler, organizasyonlar, politikalar, yasalar ve güçyapılarındaki değişime odaklanmaktadır. Halk sağlığı hemşireleri tarafından birçok müdahalenin farklı seviyelerde bir araya getirilerek kullanılması toplumun sağlığını geliştirme olasılığınıgüçlendirmektedir. Müdahale çarkı halk sağlığı hemşirelerinin toplum temelli çalışmasını sağlamak ve yönlendirmek için bir model sunmaktadır. Bu derlemede müdahale çarkının tanıtılmasıamaçlanmış olup Türkiye’de de halk sağlığı hemşireleri tarafından eğitim, araştırma ve uygulamalarda kullanılmasına rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Müdahale çarkı, halk sağlığı hemşiresi, toplum temelli uygulama, model

A Model for Population-Based Public Health Nursing Practices: Intervention Wheel

Intervention wheel is a model developed for public health practices by the Department of Public Health Nursing in Minnesota. The wheel is composed of a colorful external circle, five slices and 17 public health interventions. Interventions are actions conducted by public health nurses for the purpose of promoting or protecting the health status of people at the levels of individual/family, community, and the system. Individual-level interventions aim at changing the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices or behaviors of individuals. Community-level interventions aim at changing the norms, attitudes, awareness, practices or behaviors of communities or groups. Systemlevel interventions focus on the change in organizations, policies, regulations and power structures. The combined use of several interventions by public health nurses at different levels strengthens the possibility of promoting community health. The intervention wheel offers a model for public health nurses to perform population-based work and guide. It also guides them. The aim of this review is to introduce the intervention wheel. It is believed that the review will guide public health nurses in Turkey to use the wheel in education, research, and practices.

Keywords:

Intervention wheel, public health nurse, population-based practices, model,

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