İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI DÜZENLEMELERİ İLE İŞSİZLİK ARASINDAKİ ETKİLEŞİM: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

İşsizlik, ekonomik ve sosyal maliyetleri nedeni ile tüm ülkelerin ekonomi politikalarının öncelikli hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. İşsizlik sonucu kişilerin gelir kaybı ve yaşam standartlarında düşüş, milli gelir ve vergi gelirlerinde düşüş ile bütçe açıkları işsizliğin başlıca ekonomik maliyetleri arasında yer almaktadır. Ayrıca sosyal mahrumiyet ve sosyal kargaşalar ile bunlar sonucu ortaya çıkan suç oranlarında, intiharlarda ve boşanma oranlarında artış, ahlaki bozulma, sağlık sorunları ve beklenen yaşam süresindeki düşüşler de işsizliğin başlıca sosyal maliyetlerini oluşturmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, işsizlik oranı ülkeler arasında önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Ülkeler arası işsizlik oranlarındaki farklılıkların nedenlerinin tespiti, işsizlik ile mücadelede doğru politikaların belirlenmesi ve uygulanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda işsizliğin kurumsal, ekonomik ve sosyal çok sayıda belirleyicisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilgili kısıtlı ampirik literatür de dikkate alınarak Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (2012) tarafından geliştirilen panel nedensellik analizi kullanılarak 2000-2016 döneminde 36 OECD ülkesinde işgücü piyasası düzenlemeleri ile işsizlik arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda işgücü düzenlemelerinin işsizlik üzerinde anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İşgücü Piyasası Düzenlemeleri, İşsizlik, Panel Nedensellik Analizi

INTERACTION BETWEEN LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS AND UNEMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM OECD COUNTRIES

The unemployment due to its economic and social costs is among the primary targets of economic policies for all the countries. The losses in individual revenues and living standards resulting as a result of unemployment, decreases in national income and tax revenues and budget deficits are among the main economic costs of the unemployment. The social deprivation and disturbances and the increases in crime rates, suicides, and divorce rates, moral corruption, health problems, and decreases in life expectancy are also among the major social costs of the unemployment. However, the unemployment rate differs considerably among the countries. The specification of the differences in transnational unemployment rates is important to determine and implement the right policies in combat with the unemployment. This study analyzed the reciprocal interaction between labor market regulations and unemployment in 36 OECD countries during the period of 2000-2016 through panel causality analysis developed by Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (2012) regarding the limited empirical literature. We revealed that labor regulations had significant effects on the unemployment.

Keywords:

labor market regulations, unemployment, panel causality analysis,

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