GÖNÜLLÜ OLMAYAN KISMİ SÜRELİ İSTİHDAMIN BELİRLEYECİLERİ: HANE HALKI İŞGÜCÜ VERİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

İstatistikler birçok ülkede kısmi süreli istihdamın önemli bir bölümünün gönüllü olmayan statüde olduğunu göstermektedir. Ülkemizde ise, her 4 kısmi süreli işçiden yaklaşık 1’inin ekonomik nedenlerle yani tam süreli bir iş bulamadığı için kısmi süreli statüde çalıştığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, TÜİK Hane Halkı İşgücü ham verileri kapsamında Türkiye’de kısmi süreli istihdamı etkileyen demografik ve işgücü piyasası değişkenlerini incelemektir. Binary lojistik regresyon analizleri, erkek olmanın ve 35-44 yaş grubunda yer almanın gönüllü olmayan kısmi süreli bir işte çalışma olasılığını arttırdığını göstermekte-dir. Ayrıca niteliksiz işlerin, daha düşük deneyim süresinin ve kayıt dışı istihdamın bu olası-lığı arttıran diğer değişkenler olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tüm değişkenler bir arada regresyon modeli gönüllü olmayan kısmi süreli istihdamdaki değişimi %32,9 oranında açıklayabil-mektedir. Öte yandan analizler, gönüllü olmayan kısmi süreli istihdamın erkek çalışanlar arasında çok daha yaygın olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bu tür bir istihdamın özellikle yetişkin yaş grubunda yoğunlaştığı anlaşılmaktadır. Benzer biçimde bulgular, gönüllü olmayan kısmi süreli çalışanların gönüllü kısmi süreli meslektaşlarına kıyasla daha düşük eğitim süresine sahip olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Nihayet, analizler, gönüllü olmayan kısmi süreli çalışanların gönüllü kısmi süreli meslektaşlarına kıyasla saatte %15,5 oranında daha az kazandıklarını göstermektedir.

PREDICTORS OF INVOLUNTARY PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT: A STUDY ON HOUSEHOLD LABOR FORCE DATA

The statistics point out that a significant share of part-time workers is an involuntary statute in many countries. In Turkey, nearly one in four part-timers was involuntary. The object of the current paper is to analyze the demographic and labor market determinants of involuntary part-time employment in Turkey. The study exploited the micro data of the 2017 Household Labor Force Survey of the Turkish Statistical Institute. First, the results of the logistic regression model showed that being male and being 35-44 years old were the predictors of involuntary part-time employment. Moreover, having less work experience, being employed in elementary occupations, and being in informal work were observed to be the determinants of involuntary part-time work. For the whole sample, 32.9 percent of the variance in involuntary part-time employment was explained by the regression model. The analysis also indicated that involuntary part-time employment was predominantly male, and adult age. Finally, wage difference was found to be 15.5 percent lower for invol-untary part-time workers.

___

  • Barrett, G. F. and Doiron, D. J. (2001). Working part time: By choice or by constraint. The Canadian Journal of Economics, 34(4), 1042-1065.
  • Bhula-or, R. and Yukio, I. (2014). Factors affecting involuntary part-time employment in OECD countries. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 3(2), 333–349.
  • Borowczyk-M., Daniel and Lale, Etienne (2018). The Welfare effects of involuntary part-time work. Oxford Economic Papers, 70(1), 183–205.
  • Buddelmeyer, Hielke, Mourre, Gilles and Ward, Melanie (2004). The Determinants of part-time work in EU countries: empirical investigations with macro-panel data (IZA Discussion Paper No. 1361), Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn: Germany.
  • Caputo, R. K. and Cianni, M. (2001). Correlates of voluntary vs. involuntary part-time employment among US women. Gender, Work and Organization, 8(3), 311–325.
  • De Anda, R. M. (1987). Determinants of involuntary part-time work among Chicanos [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.
  • Dunn, M. (2018). Who chooses part-time work and why? Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2018.8], (Erişim: 16.12.2018).
  • European Union. (2011). Education, science and culture statistics. Luxembourg: Population and Social Conditions Collection Pocketbooks.
  • Eurostat. (2022). Involuntary part-time employment as percentage of the total part-time employment, by sex and age. Eurostat Labor Statistics, [https://ec.europa.eu/Eurostat] (Erişim: 05.04.2022).
  • Eymen, U. E. (2007). SPSS kullanma klavuzu (e-baskı). İstanbul: İstatistik Merkezi Yayın (No: 1).
  • Görmüş, A. ve Erdoğan, Ç. (2017). Türkiye’de gönülsüz kısmi süreli çalışmanın lojistik regresyon modeli ile analizi: hane halkı işgücü anketinden bulgular. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12) , 150-164.
  • Fagan, Colette, Norman, Helen, Smith, Mark and Menendez, Maria C. Gonzalez (2014). In Search of Good Quality Part-Time Employment (ILO Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 43), International Labour Organization, Geneva: Switzerland.
  • Fialova, K. (2017). Part-time employment and business cycle in central and eastern Europe. Review of Economic Perspectives, 17(2), 179-203.
  • Kjeldstad, R. and Nymoen, E. H. (2009). Part-time work, underemployment and gender: worker versus job explanations (SN Discussion Paper No. 602), Statistics Norway, Oslo: Norway.
  • Leppel, K. and Clain, S. (1993). Determinants of voluntary and involuntary part-time employment. Eastern Economic Journal, 19(1), 59–70.
  • Maurizio, R. (2016). Non-standard forms of employment in Latin America: Prevalence, characteristics and impacts on wages (ILO Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 69), International Labor Organization, Geneva: Switzerland.
  • Muller, C. (2010). Underemployed women: an analysis of voluntary and involuntary part-time wage employment in South Africa (UKZN Working Paper No. 185), University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal: South Africa.
  • Singapore Ministry of Manpower (2021). Singapore manpower statistics in brief 2021, [https://stats.mom.gov.sg/], (Erişim: 11.05.2022).
  • Statistics Canada. (2020). An exploration of work, learning, and work-integrated learning in Canada using the longitudinal and international study of adults. [www150.statcan.gc.ca], (Erişim: 11.05.2022).
  • Statistics Canada. (2022). Part-time employment by reason, annual. Statistics Canada Labor Statistics. [www150.statcan.gc.ca], (Erişim: 05.04.2022).
  • TÜİK. (2018). 2017 Hane halkı işgücü istatistikleri, [www.tuik.gov.tr], (Erişim: 05.04.2022).
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2021). Employment and unemployment among youth—Summer 2021. News Release, August 18, 2021, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, [www.bls.gov], (Erişim: 11.05.2022).
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2022). Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2021”, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, [www.bls.gov], (Erişim: 05.04.2022).
  • Valletta, R. G., Bengali, L. and van der List, C. (2018). Cyclical and market determinants of involuntary part-time employment (Working Paper No. 2015-19), Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, San Francisco: US.
  • Veliziotis, M., Matsaganis, M.and Karakitsios, A. (2015). Involuntary part-time employment: perspectives from two European labour markets (EU Improve Working Paper No. 15-02), European Union, Brussels: Belgium..