DİL İLİŞKİLERİNDE KULLANIM TEMELLİ YAKLAŞIM

Dilsel örüntüler farklı kullanım ortamlarında çeşitlenme gösterirler. Dillerin çeşitlenme göstermesinin önemli nedenlerinden biri dil ilişkileridir. Dil kullanıcılarının farklı zaman ve ortamlarda öteki dil kullanıcılarıyla yaptıkları temasın sonucunda dilsel çeşitlenmeler ortaya çıkar. Bu durum dil ilişkileri disiplininde birçok çalışmada ele alınmasına rağmen dilsel yapıları kullanım temelli yaklaşımlar ile açıklama girişimleri yok denecek kadar azdır. İlk olarak Üretici Dilbilim ve Bilişsel dilbilim arasındaki metodolojik bir karşıtlığı vurgulamak için kullanılan Kullanım Temelli Yaklaşım, dili sosyal ve bilişsel bir insan davranışı olarak alır ve bu bağlamda açıklamalar arar. Nispeten yeni bir teorik bakış açısı sunan bu yaklaşım, dil edinimi ve dil değişimi gibi fenomenlerin açıklanmasında yeni fırsatlar sunar. Genel anlamda 20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru dilbilimde görünür hale gelen bu yaklaşım, adından da anlaşılacağı üzere dilsel yapılar ile kullanım arasında yakın bir ilişki olduğunu varsayar. Dilin bilişsel organizasyonunun anlaşılması için daha çok kullanımdan elde edilen kanıtlara bakar. Her ne kadar kullanım, yapılan bazı çalışmalarda bilişsel bakış açısı ile ele alınsa da son çalışmalarda dil sisteminin ontolojik statüsü karakter olarak yalnızca bilişsel olarak görülmemekte kullanım hem biliş hem de iletişim merkezli yönleriyle ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, yaklaşımın temel kavramları tanıtıldıktan sonra bu bakış açısıyla yapılmış araştırmalar değerlendirilmekte, kullanım temelli yaklaşımın Türkçe dil ilişkileri çalışmalarına sunacağı katkılar üzerinde durulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kullanım temelli yaklaşım, dil ilişkileri, bilişsel, iletişimsel, kullanım.

Usage-based Approach in Language Contacts

Linguistic patterns show variation in different contexts of use. One of the important reasons for language variation is language contacts. Linguistic variation emerges as a result of language users’ contact with other language users in different times and environments. Offering a relatively new theoretical perspective, this approach offers new opportunities to explain phenomena such as language acquisition and language change. This approach, which became visible in linguistics towards the end of the 20th century, assumes, as its name suggests, a close relationship between linguistic structures and use. It looks more to evidence from usage to understand the cognitive organization of language. Although usage has been treated from a cognitive perspective in some studies, in recent studies, the ontological status of the language system is not seen as exclusively cognitive in character, and usage is treated from both cognition- and communication-centered aspects. In this study, after introducing the basic concepts of the approach, the studies conducted from this perspective are evaluated and the contributions of the usage-based approach to the study of Turkish language relations are emphasized.

Keywords:

Usage-based approach, language contacts, cognitive, communicative, use.,

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