Yıldız Erdoğanoğlu, Ünzile Tunç, Zeynep Bahadır Ağce

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Postüral Kontrol, Denge ve İnce Motor Becerilerin İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) tanılı çocuklarda, postüral kontrol, denge ve ince motor becerileri incelemekti. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya, 5-17 yaş aralığında, OSB’li 20 çocuk ve 20 sağlıklı çocuk dahil edildi. Çocukların demografik bilgileri alındıktan sonra, postüral kontrol seviyeleri Oturmada Postüral Kontrol Ölçeği (SPCM) ile, denge seviyeleri tek ayak denge testi ve topuk-parmak duruşu testi ile, ince motor becerileri Jebsen Taylor El Fonksiyon Testi ve 9 Delikli Peg Testi ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: OSB’li çocuklar ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında postüral kontrol, denge ve ince motor beceri değerleri arasında anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). OSB’li çocukların postüral kontrol, denge ve ince motor becerilerde daha düşük seviyede oldukları görüldü. OSB’li çocukların postüral kontrol, denge ve ince motor becerileri arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05).Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda, OSB’li çocukların postüral kontrol, denge ve ince motor becerilerde yaşıtlarına kıyasla daha başarısız oldukları görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, postüral kontrol, denge, ince motor beceri

Investigation of Postural Control, Balance and Fine Motor Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate postural control, balance and fine motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: Twenty children with ASD and 20 healthy children between the ages of 5-17 were included in the study. After the demographic information of the children was obtained, postural control levels were assessed by Sitting Postural Control Scale (SPCM), balance levels were assessed with One Leg Balance Test and heel-toe stance test, fine motor skills were performed by Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test and 9-Hole Peg Test. Results: A significant difference was found in postural control, balance and fine motor skill values between individuals with ASD and control group (p<0,05). Individuals with ASD were found to be a lower level in postural control, balance and fine motor skills. No significant relationship was found between postural control, balance and fine motor skills of individuals with ASD (p> 0.05).Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was seen that children with ASD were more ineffective in postural control, balance and fine motor skills than their peers.

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorder, postural control, balance, fine motor skill,

PDF

___

American Psychological Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub.
Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011). Current perspectives on motor functioning in infants, children, and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Physical therapy, 91(7), 1116-1129.
Bruininks, R. (2005). Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency (pp. 27-28). Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
Bumin, G., Huri, M., Salar, S., & Kayihan, H. (2015). Occupational therapy in autism. Autism spectrum disorder-recent advances, 161-203.
Cheldavi, H., Shakerian, S., Boshehri, S. N. S., & Zarghami, M. (2014). The effects of balance training intervention on postural control of children with autism spectrum disorder: Role of sensory information. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(1), 8-14.
D’Hondt, E., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Lenoir, M. (2008). Childhood obesity affects fine motor skill performance under different postural constraints. Neuroscience letters, 440(1), 72-75.
Dempsey, I., & Foreman, P. (2001). A review of educational approaches for individuals with autism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 48(1), 103-116.
Fife, S. E., Roxborough, L. A., Armstrong, R. W., Harris, S. R., Gregson, J. L., & Field, D. (1991). Development of a clinical measure of postural control for assessment of adaptive seating in children with neuromotor disabilities. Physical therapy, 71(12), 981-993.
Fong, S. S. (2017). Children with autism spectrum disorders have altered postural control strategies and standing balance performance: Implications for training. Science, 31(1317), 1327.
Freitag, C. M., Kleser, C., Schneider, M., & von Gontard, A. (2007). Quantitative assessment of neuromotor function in adolescents with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 37(5), 948-959.
Fulceri, F., Grossi, E., Contaldo, A., Narzisi, A., Apicella, F., Parrini, I., Muratori, F. (2018). Motor skills as moderators of core symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders: preliminary data from an exploratory analysis with Artificial Neural Networks. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2683.
Glazebrook, C. M., Elliott, D., & Lyons, J. (2006). A kinematic analysis of how young adults with and without autism plan and control goal-directed movements. Motor control, 10(3), 244-264.
Globerson, E., Amir, N., Kishon‐Rabin, L., & Golan, O. (2015). Prosody recognition in adults with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders: From psychoacoustics to cognition. Autism Research, 8(2), 153-163.
Graham, S. A., Abbott, A. E., Nair, A., Lincoln, A. J., Müller, R.-A., & Goble, D. J. (2015). The influence of task difficulty and participant age on balance control in ASD. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 45(5), 1419-1427.
Gunal, A., & Bumin, G. (2007). An investigation of motor performance in autistic children. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 18(3), 179.
Horak, F. B. (2006). Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age and ageing, 35(suppl_2), ii7-ii11.
Hwang, A.-W., Chen, C.-N., Wu, I.-C., Cheng, H.-Y. K., & Chen, C.-L. (2014). The correlates of body mass index and risk factors for being overweight among preschoolers with motor delay. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 31(2), 125-143.
Jain, A., Spencer, D., Yang, W., Kelly, J. P., Newschaffer, C. J., Johnson, J., Dennen, T. (2014). Injuries among children with autism spectrum disorder. Academic pediatrics, 14(4), 390-397.
Jansiewicz, E. M., Goldberg, M. C., Newschaffer, C. J., Denckla, M. B., Landa, R., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2006). Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome from controls. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 36(5), 613-621.
Jasmin, E., Couture, M., McKinley, P., Reid, G., Fombonne, E., & Gisel, E. (2009). Sensori-motor and daily living skills of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 39(2), 231-241.
Johnson, B., Rinehart, N., Papadopoulos, N., Tonge, B., Millist, L., White, O. ve diğerleri. (2012). A closer look at visually guided saccades in autism and Asperger’s disorder. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 6, 99.
Jones, V., & Prior, M. (1985). Motor imitation abilities and neurological signs in autistic children. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 15(1), 37-46. Köse, B. (2018). Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Yeterlik Testi 2 Kısa Formunun Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Özgül Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Çocuklarda Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği.
Leonard, H. C., Bedford, R., Charman, T., Elsabbagh, M., Johnson, M. H., Hill, E. L. ve diğerleri. (2014). Motor development in children at risk of autism: a follow-up study of infant siblings. Autism, 18(3), 281-291.
MacDonald, M., Lord, C., & Ulrich, D. (2013). The relationship of motor skills and adaptive behavior skills in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(11), 1383-1390.
Memari, A. H., Panahi, N., Ranjbar, E., Moshayedi, P., Shafiei, M., Kordi, R. ve diğerleri. (2015). Children with autism spectrum disorder and patterns of participation in daily physical and play activities. Neurology research international, 2015.
Molloy, C. A., Dietrich, K. N., & Bhattacharya, A. (2003). Postural stability in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 33(6), 643-652.
Paquet, A., Olliac, B., Bouvard, M.-P., Golse, B., & Vaivre-Douret, L. (2016). The semiology of motor disorders in autism spectrum disorders as highlighted from a standardized neuro-psychomotor assessment. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1292.
Poole, J. L., Burtner, P. A., Torres, T. A., McMullen, C. K., Markham, A., Marcum, M. L. ve diğerleri. (2005). Measuring dexterity in children using the Nine-hole Peg Test. Journal of Hand Therapy, 18(3), 348-351.
Rosenblum, S., & Josman, N. (2003). The relationship between postural control and fine manual dexterity. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics, 23(4), 47-60.
Sahinoğlu, D., Coskun, G., & Bek, N. (2017). Effects of different seating equipment on postural control and upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy. Prosthetics and orthotics international, 41(1), 85-94.
Stins, J. F., & Emck, C. (2018). Balance performance in autism: A brief overview. Frontiers in psychology, 9.
Travers, B. G., Adluru, N., Ennis, C., Tromp, D. P., Destiche, D., Doran, S. ve diğerleri. (2012). Diffusion tensor imaging in autism spectrum disorder: a review. Autism Research, 5(5), 289-313.
Vilensky, J. A., Damasio, A. R., & Maurer, R. G. (1981). Gait disturbances in patients with autistic behavior: a preliminary study. Archives of neurology, 38(10), 646-649.
Wang, Z., Hallac, R. R., Conroy, K. C., White, S. P., Kane, A. A., Collinsworth, A. L. ve diğerleri. (2016). Postural orientation and equilibrium processes associated with increased postural sway in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 8(1), 43.
Zikl, P., Petrů, D., Daňková, A., Doležalová, H., & Šafaříková, K. (2016). Motor skills of children with autistic spectrum disorder. Paper presented at the SHS Web of Conferences.