Sivil Toplumun Kavramsal Tarihi ve Sivil Toplumla İlgili Güncel Tartışmalar

Dünya ekonomisinde ve politikasında yaşanan küresel değişim ve bilişim teknolojisindeki gelişmeler, 1980’lerden bu yana siyasal fikirler ve yapıları derinden etkilemektedir. Doğu Avrupa’da otoriter yönetimlerden demokrasiye doğru yaşanan dönüşüm, SSCB’nin çözülmesi, sosyalizmin krizi ve bilişim teknolojisindeki baş döndürücü gelişmeler, Batı siyaset biliminin anahtar kavramları olan “demokrasi” ve “sivil toplum”u tüm dünyada yeniden popüler hale getirdi. Bu çalışmada da sivil toplumun kavramsal tarihi özetlenmekte, sivil toplum demokrasi ilişkisi irdelenmekte ve çağdaş bir sivil toplum tanımına ulaşılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Conceptual History of Civil Society and Contemporary Debates on Civil Society

Global changes in economics, politics and information technology have strongly affected the political ideas since the 1980s. The democratic transition in the Eastern Europe, collapse of USSR, crisis of socialism and tremendous developments on information technologies have made the concept of civil society and democracy which have been one of the main concepts of the Western politics popular all over the world. In this study, conceptual history of civil society is summarised and categorised, relationship between democracy and civil society is evaluated and it is tried to reach a contemporary definition of civil society.

PDF

___

Akal, C.B. (2000) İktidarın Üç Yüzü, Ankara: Dost Yayınları.
Anderson, L. (1995) "Democracy in The Arap World: Critique of the Political Culture Approach" in R. Brynen, B. Korany, P. Noble, Lynne (eds.), Political Liberatization And Democratization in The Arap World, Vol. 1, London: Rienner Publ.
Arendt, H. (1958) Human Condition, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Arendt, H. (1996) Geçmişle Gelecek Arasında, (Çev: B.S. Şener), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Aristoteles, (1990) Politika, (Çev: M. Tunçay), İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
Ashcraft, R. (1994) "Locke's Political Philosophy" in V. Chappell (ed.), The Cambridge Companion To John Locke, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ball C., Knight, B. (1999) "Why We Listen To Citizens" in E. Mbogori (ed.), Civil Society at the Millenium, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 17-26.
Bell, M. (1999) "Volunteering: Underpinning Social Action in Civil Society for the New Millennium" in E. Mbogori (ed.), Civil Society at the Millenium, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 27-42.
Boucher, D. and Kelly, P. (1994) "The Social Contract and its Critics: An Overview" ^ in D. Boucher and P. Kelly (eds.), The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls, London: Routledge Inc.
Cassirer, E. (1984) Devlet Efsanesi, (Çev: N. Arat), Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
Chandhoke, N. (1995) State And Civil Society: Explanation in Political Theory, New Delhi: Sage.
Cohen, J. and A. Arato (1992) Civil Society and Political Theory, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Çaha, Ö. (1996) Sivil Kadın, Ankara:Vadi.
Ehrenberg, J. (1999) Civil Society The Critical History of the Idea, New York: New Yok University Press.
Flyvbjerg, B. (1998) "Habermas and Foucault: Thinkers for Civil Society", British Journal of Society, 49, June Issue.
Foley, M. and B. Edward (1998) "Beyond Tocqueville: Civil Society and Social Capital in Comparative Perspective", American Behavioral Scientist, 42, (September), 5-20.
Forbes, H.R. (1966) Towards a Dynamic Economics: Some Recent Developments of Economic Theory, New York: Macmillan-St Martin's Press.
Forsyth, M. (1994) " 'Hobbes' Contractarianism: A Comparative Analysis" in D.
Boucher and P. Kelly (eds.), The Social Contract From Hobbes To Rawls, Ed., London: Routledge, 35-51.
Gordon, R. (2000), "Kant, Smith And Hegel The Market And The Categorical Imperative" in F. Trentmann (ed.), Paradoxes of Civil Society New Perspectives on Modern German and Britain History, New York: Berghahn Books.
Gramsci, A. (1986) Hapishane Defterleri, (çev: K. Somer), Istanbul: Onur Yay.
Güriz, A. (1985) Hukuk Felsefesi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
Habermas, J. (1997) Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü, (çev: T. Bora ve M. Sancar), İstanbul: İletişim Yay.
Hall, J.A. (2000) "Reflections on the Making of Civil Society" in F. Trentmann (ed.), Paradoxes of Civil Society New Perspectives on Modern German and British History, New York: Berghahn Books.
Hampton, J. (1986) Hobbes nnd the Social Contract Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harbeson, J.W. (1990) "Centralization And Development in Eastern Africa" in J. Wunsch and D. Oluwu (eds.), The Failure of Centralized State, Institutions and Self Governence in Africa, Boulder: Westview Press.
Hirst, P. (1994) "Associative Democracy", Dissent, Spring Issue, 241-247.
Hudson, M.C. (1995) "The Political Culture Approach to Arab Democratization: The Case for Bringing it Back in, Carefully" in R. Brynen, B. Korany and P. Noble Lynne (eds.), Political Liberatization and Democratization in the Arap World, Vol: 1, London: Rienner.
Hyppolite, J. (1969) Studies on Marx and Hegel, (Trans. J. O'Neill), New York: Basic Books Inc.
Ibrahim, S.E. (1995a) "Democratisation in the Arap World" in J. Schwedler (ed.), Toward a Civil Society in the Middle East? A Premier, London: Rienner.
Ibrahim, S.E. (1995b) "Democratisation in the Arap World" in A.R. Norton (ed.), Civil Sociey in the Middle East Vol. 1, New York: E.J. Brill.
Ilting, K.H. (1984) "Hegel's Conception of State and Marx Early Critique" in Z.A.Pelczynski (ed.), The State & Civil Society Studies in Hegel's Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Inwood, M.J. (1984) "Hegel, Plato and Greek Sittlichkeit" in Z.A. Pelczynski (ed.), The State & Civil Society Studies in Hegel's Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Isaac, Jeffery C. (1993) "Civil Society and the Spirit of Revolt" Dissent, Summer Issue, 357-367.
Jennings, J. (1994) "Rousseau, Social Contract and the Modern Leviathan" in D. Boucher and P. Kelly (eds.) The Social Contract From Hobbes To Rawls, London: Routledge, 115-132.
Johnson, L. (1986) Marxism Class Analysis and Socialist Pluralism: a Theoretical and Political Critique of Marxist Conception of Politics, Winchester: •Allen&Unwin.
Keane, J. (1994) Demokrasi ve Sivil Toplum, (çev: N. Erdoğan), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yay.
Kortion, G. (1984) "Subjectivity and Civil Society" in Z.A. Pelczynski (ed.), The State & Civil Society Studies in Hegel's Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Köker, L. ve M.A. Ağaoğulları (1990), İmparatorluktan Tanrı Devletine, Ankara: İmge.
Kumar, K. (1993) "Civil Society: An Inquiry into Usefulness of an Historical Term", British Journal of Sociology, 44 (September), 375-395.
Larrain, J. (1983) Marxism and Ideology, Hong Kong: Humanities Press.
Lessnoff, M. (1990) "Introduction: Social Contract" in M. Lessnoff (ed.), Social Contract Theory, Worcester: Billing&Sons Ltd.
Marshall, John. (1994) John Locke, Resistance, Religion and Responsibility, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marx, K. (1977) "German Ideology" in D. Mcellan (ed.), Karl Marx: Selected Works, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 159-191.
Miller, D. (1991) "Social and Political Theory: Class, State, Revolution" in T. Carvey (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Marx, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Naidoo K-Tandon, R. (1999) "Promise of Civil Society" in E. Mbogori (ed.), Civil Society at the Millenium, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 1-16.
Neocleous, M. (1995) "From Civil Society to Social", British Journal of Sociology, 46, 395-408.
Neocleous, M. (1996) Administering Civil Society; Towards a Theory of State Power, London: Macmillan Press.
Norton, R.A. (1995) "Introduction" in R.A. Norton (ed.), Civil Society in the Middle East, Newyork , Köln: E.J. Brill Inc.
O'Neill, J. (1969) "Introduction: Hegel And Marx on History as Human History", Studies on Marx and Hegel, (Trans: J. O'Neill), New York: Basic Books Inc.
Ostrom, V. (1990) "The Problem for Sovereignty In Human Affairs" in J. Wunsch, D.
Oluwu (eds.), The Failure of Centralized State, Institutions and Self Govemence in Africa, Westview Press. Boulder.
Pelczynski, Z.A. (1984) "Introduction The Significance Of Hegel's Seperation Of State And Civil Society" in Z.A. Pelczynski (ed.), The State & Civil Society Studies in Hegel's Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Popper, K. (1989) Açık Toplum ve Düşmanları, Cilt 1, (Çev: M. Tunçay), İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
Russel, B. (1945) A History of Western Philosophy, (8th ed.), New York: Simon and Schuster Inc.
Schwedler, J. (1995) "Introduction: Civil Society and the Study of Middle East Politics" in J. Schwedler (ed.), Toward Civil Society in the Middle East? A Primer, Newyork: Lynne.
Seligman, A. (1992) The Idea of Civil Society, New York: Free Press.
Senett, (1996) Kamusal İnsanın Çöküşü, (Çev: S. Durak ve A. Yılmaz), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Shills, E. (1992) "Civility And Civil Society" in E.C. Banfıeld (ed.), Civility And Citizenship In Liberal Democratic Societies, New York: Paragan House, 1-15.
Şenel, A. (1995) Siyasal Dütünceler Tarihi, Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat.
Şenel, A. (1970) Eski Yunan'da Etitlik ve Etitsizlik Üzerine, Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
Tester, K. (1992) Civil Society, London: Routledge Inc.
Then, V., and Walkenhorst, P. (1999) "Strengthening Civil Society's Capacity to Promote Democratic Governence: The Role of Foundations" in E. Mbogori (ed.), Civil Society at the Millenium, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 123-136.
Tocqueville, A. De (1962) Amerikan Demokrasisi, (çev: T. Timur), İstanbul: Türk Siyasi İlimler Derneği Yay.
Walzer, M. (1992) "Civil Society Argument" in C. Moufe (ed.), Dimensions of Radical Democracy: Pluralism, Citizenship, Community, London: Verso, 89-107.
Whittington, K.E. (1998) "Revisiting Tocqueville's America, Society, Politic?; and Association in The Nineteenth Century", American Behavioural Science, 42 (September), 21-32.
Zabcı, F.Ç. (1997) Siyasal Alanda Kamusal Alan Sorunsalı: Habermas ve Arendt, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.