In the last quarter of the 19th century, in some western European countries, France in particular, the period of "Belle Epoque" begins. In those years, along with technological and scientific developments, remarkable changes are observed in the world of literature and art. The wish for modernisation is seen not only in all the branches of art, but also is reflected on daily life During this period, with Alfred Jarry's Ubu roi, staged in 1896, an avant-garde concept of theatre new and different in form, content and dramatic technique, was established against the traditional theatre. Jarry was the leading figure for the new dramatists of the 20tn century, mainly for the surrealists.