U(k)- and L(k)-homotopic properties of digitizations of nD Hausdorff spaces
U(k)- and L(k)-homotopic properties of digitizations of nD Hausdorff spaces
For X ⊂ Rn let (X, En X) be the usual topological space induced by the nD Euclidean topological space (Rn , En ). Based on the upper limit (U-, for short) topology (resp. the lower limit (L-, for brevity) topology), after proceeding with a digitization of (X, En X), we obtain a U- (resp. an L-) digitized space denoted by DU (X) (resp. DL(X)) in Z n [16]. Further considering DU (X) (resp. DL(X)) with a digital k-connectivity, we obtain a digital image from the viewpoint of digital topology in a graph-theoretical approach, i.e. Rosenfeld model [25], denoted by DU(k)(X) (resp. DL(k)(X)) in the present paper. Since a Euclidean topological homotopy has some limitations of studying a digitization of (X, En X), the present paper establishes the so called U(k)-homotopy (resp. L(k)-homotopy) which can be used to study homotopic properties of both (X, En X) and DU(k)(X) (resp. both (X, En X) and DL(k)(X)). The goal of the paper is to study some relationships among an ordinary homotopy equivalence, a U(k)-homotopy equivalence, an L(k)-homotopy equivalence and a k-homotopy equivalence. Finally, we classify (X, En X) in terms of a U(k)-homotopy equivalence and an L(k)-homotopy equivalence. This approach can be used to study applied topology, approximation theory and digital geometry.
___
- F. Wyse and D. Marcus et al., Solution to problem 5712, Amer. Math. Monthly 77(1970)
1119.
- E. H. Spanier, Algebraic Topology, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1966.
- A. Rosenfeld, Digital straight line segments, IEEE Trans. Comput, 23(12) (1974) 1264-1269.
- A. Rosenfeld, Digital topology, Amer. Math. Monthly 86 (1979), 76-87.
- C. Ronse, M. Tajinea, Discretization in Hausdor space, Journal of Mathematical Imaging
and Vision 12 (2000) 219-242.
- James R. Munkres, Topology, Prentice Hall, Inc. (2000).
- E. Melin, Continuous digitization in Khalimsky spaces, Journal of Approximation Theory
150 (2008) 96-116.
- G. Largeteau-Skapin, E. Andres, Discrete-Euclidean operations, Discrete Applied Mathematics
157 (2009) 510-523.
- R. Klette and A. Rosenfeld, Digital straightness, Discrete Applied Mathematics 139 (2004)
197-230.
- C. O. Kiselman, Digital geometry and mathematical morphology, Lecture Notes, Uppsala
University, Department of Mathematics, available at www.math.uu.se/ kiselman (2002).
- E. Khalimsky, Motion, deformation, and homotopy in finite spaces, Proceedings IEEE International
Conferences on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (1987) 227-234.
- E. Khalimsky, R. Kopperman, P. R. Meyer, Computer graphics and connected topologies
on finite ordered sets, Topology and Its Applications 36(1) (1991) 1-17.
- J.-M. Kang, S.-E. Han, K.-C. Min, Digitizations associated with several types of digital
topological approaches, Computational & Applied Mathematics (2015), DOI10.1007/s40314-
015-0245-0.
- S.-E. Han and B.G. Park, Digital graph (k0, k1)-homotopy equivalence and its applications,
http://atlas-conferences.com/c/a/k/b/35.htm(2003).
- S.-E. Han and Wei Yao, An MA-Digitization of Hausdor spaces by using a connectedness
graph of the Marcus-Wyse topology, Discrete Applies Mathematics, 201 (2016) 358-371.
- S.-E. Han and Sik Lee, Some properties of lattice-based K- and M-maps, Honam Mathematical
Journal 38(3) (2016) 625-642.
- S.-E. Han, A digitization method of the Euclidean nD space associated with the Khalimsky
adjacency structure, Computational & Applied Mathematics (2015), DOI 10.1007/s40314-
015-0223-6 (in press).
- S.-E. Han, Homotopy equivalence which is suitable for studying Khalimsky nD spaces,
Topology Appl. 159 (2012) 1705-1714.
- S.-E. Han, KD-(k0, k1)-homotopy equivalence and its applications, J. Korean Math. Soc. 47
(2010) 1031-1054.
- S.-E. Han, The k-homotopic thinning and a torus-like digital image in Zn, Journal of Mathematical
Imaging and Vision 31 (1)(2008) 1-16.
- S.-E. Han, On the simplicial complex stemmed from a digital graph, Honam Mathematical
Journal 27(1) (2005) 115-129.
- S.-E. Han, Non-product property of the digital fundamental group, Information Sciences
171(1-3) (2005) 73-91.
- S.-E. Han, On the classication of the digital images up to a digital homotopy equivalence,
The Jour. of Computer and Communications Research 10 (2000) 194-207.
- A. Gross and L. J. Latecki, A Realistic Digitization Model of Straight Lines, Computer
Vision and Image Understanding 67(2) (1997) 131-142.
- U. Eckhardt, L. J. Latecki, Topologies for the digital spaces Z2 and Z3
, Computer Vision
and Image Understanding 90(3) (2003) 295-312.
- V. E. Brimkov and, R. P. Barneva, Plane digitization and related combinatorial problems,
Discrete Applied Mathematics 147 (2005) 169-186.
- L. Boxer, A classical construction for the digital fundamental group, Jour. of Mathematical
Imaging and Vision 10 (1999) 51-62.
- P. Alexandor, Diskrete Räume, Mat. Sb. 2 (1937) 501-518.