Fenamiphos’un Eisenia fetida Annelida, Oligochaeta Üzerine Toksik Etkileri

S unulan bu çalışma, fenamiphosun toprak solucanı Eisenia fetida üzerine olumsuz etkilerini inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Toprak solucanları fenamiphosun farklı derişimlerine 5, 10 ve 20 mg/kg maruz bırakıldı. Toprak solucanları 96 saat sonra ötenazi edildi ve solucanların fiksasyonu yapıldı. Toprak solucanlarının vücut duvarlarındaki epidermis, halkasal ve boyuna kaslar , klorojen hücrelerindeki ve bağırsak epitelindeki histolojik değişiklikler değerlendirildi. Histopatolojik değişiklikler düşük doz 5 mg/kg uygulama grubuna göre orta 10 mg/kg ve yüksek doz 20 mg/kg uygulama gruplarında daha belirgindi. Fenamiphos maruziyetinden sonra elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre derideki ve bağırsak sistemindeki dejenerasyon bu iki sistemin fonksiyonunu tam olarak yerine getirememesi sonucu toprak solucanlarının canlılıklarını sürdürmeleri üzerine olumsuz etkiye neden olabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fenamiphos, toprak solucanı, bağırsak, vücut duvarı

Toxic Effect of Fenamiphos on the Earthworm, Eisenia fetida Annelida: Oligochaeta

The aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time adverse effect of fenamiphos on the eart- hworm, Eisenia fetida. Earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of fenamiphos 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg . After 96 h, earthworms were euthanized and fixed. Histological alterations in earthworm’s body wall epidermis, circular and longitudinal muscles , chloragogenous tissue and intestinal epithelium were asses- sed. Histopathological changes were more prominent in medium 10 mg/kg and high-concentration 20 mg/ kg groups than in the low-concentration 5 mg/kg group. Degeneration in the intestine and integumentary system, as our results indicated after exposure to fenamiphos, are likely to interfere with the correct functio- ning of the intestine and integumentary system may affect earthworm survival.

Keywords:

Fenamiphos, toprak solucanı, bağırsak, vücut duvarı,

PDF

___

E. Hodgson, A text book of modern toxicology. Third edition A John Wiley & Sons Inc. Publication, (2004).
M.A. Kamrin, Pesticide Profiles: Toxicity, Environmental Impact and Fate, CRC Press, LLC, Boca Raton, (1997).
T. Kiely, Organophosphate pesticide information: quantitative usage analysis for fenamiphos. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (1999). (available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/op/fenamiphos/ fenause.htm)
J.B. Kotcon, M. Wimmer, Monitoring movement of fenamiphos through soil water in peach orchards using quantitation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 50 (1993) 35.
L.T. Ou, J.E. Thomas, D.W. Dickson, Degradation of fenamiphos in soil with a history of continuous fenamiphos applications, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58 (1994) 1139.
R. Kookana, C. Phang, A.G. Aylmore, Transformation and degradation of fenamiphos nematicide and its metabolites in soils, Aust J Soil Res., 35 (1997) 753.
T. Cáceres, M. Mallavarapu, R. Naidu, Degradation of fenamiphos in soil collected from different geographical regions: The influence of soil properties and climatic conditions, J Environ Sci Heal B, 43 (2008) 314.
S. Eguchi, R. Hatano, T. Sakuma, Toshio effect of earthworms on the decomposition of soil organic matter, Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi, 66 (1995) 165.
M.C. Dash, B.K. Senapathi, National Seminar on Organic Waste Utilize, Vermi Comp Part-13, Proceedings, 157-177 (1986).
C.A. Callahan, Earthworms as ecotoxicological assessment tools, United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA-600/D-48-272 (1984).
Y.Y. Mosleh, S. Paris-Palacios, M. Couderchet, G. Vernet, Effect of the herbicide isoproturon on survival, growth rate, and protein content of mature earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) and its fate in the soil, Appl. Soil. Ecol., 23 (2003) 69.
A. Amaral, M. Soto, R. Cunha, I. Marigómez, A. Rodrigues, Bioavailability and cellular effects of metals on Eisenia fetida inhabiting volcanic soils, Environ. Pollut., 142 (2006) 103.
A. Giovanetti, S.Fesenko, M.L. Cozzella, L.D. Asencio, U. Sansone, Bioaccumulation and biological effects in the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to natural and depleted uranium, J. Environ. Radioact., 101 (2010) 509.
G.A. Kılıç, Histopathological and biochemical alterations of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) as biomarker of soil pollution along Porsuk River Basin (Turkey), Chemosphere, 83 (2011) 1175.
J. Lourenço, A. Silva, F. Carvalho, J. Oliveira, M. Malta, S. Mendo, F. Gonçalves, R. Pereira, Histopathological changes in the earthworm Eisenia andrei associated with the exposure to metals and radionuclides, Chemosphere, 85 (2011) 1630.
L.T. Ou, P.S.C. Rao, Degradation and metabolism of oxamyl and phenamiphos in soils, J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B., 21 (1986) 25.
J.A. Cabrera, A. Kurtz, R.A. Sikora, A. Schouten, Isolation and characterization of fenamiphos degrading bacteria, Biodegradation, 21 (2010) 1017.
M. Megharaj, K. Venkateswarlu, A.S. Rao, Effect of monocrotophos and quinalphos on soil algae, Environ. Pollut., 40 (1986) 121.
M. Megharaj, I. Singleton, R. Kookanab, R. Naidu, Persistence and effects of fenamiphos on native algal populations and enzymatic activities in soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31 (1999) 1549.
G.W. Gill, J.K. Frost, K.A. Miller, A new formula for a half-oxidized hematoxylin solution that neither overstains nor requires differentiation, Acta. Cytol., 18 (1974) 300.
J.V. Rao, Y.S. Pavan, S.S. Madhavendra, Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on morphology and acetylcholinesterase activity in the earthworm, Eisenia foetida, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 54 (2003) 296.
X. Pan, W. Song, D. Zhang, Earthworms (Eisenia foetida, Savigny) mucus as complexing ligand for imidacloprid, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 46 (2010) 845.
F.J. Eseigbe, V.F. Doherty, T.O. Sogbanmu, A.A. Otitoloju, Histopathology alterations and lipid peroxidation as biomarkers of hydrocarbon-induced stress in earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185 (2013) 2189.
E. Lapied, E. Moudilou, J.M. Exbrayat, D.E. Oughton, E.J. Joner, Silver nanoparticle exposure cause apoptotic response in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta), Nanomedicine, 5 (2010) 975.
B.I. Roots, Some observations on the chloragogenous tissue of earthworms, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 1 (1960) 218.
M.P. Ireland, E. Fisher, Effect of Pb2+ on Fe3+ tissue concentrations and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity in Lumbricus terrestris, Acta. Biol. Acad. Scient. Hung., 29 (1978) 395.
K.S. Richards, M.P. Ireland, Glycogen-lead relationship in the earthworm Dendrobaena rubida from a heavy metal site, Histochemistry, 56 (1978) 55.