Tuncay ÇORAK

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Trafik Güvenliği Kapsamında Farklı Bir Model: Risk Dengeleme Teorisi

Trafik güvenliğini artırmak ve trafik kazalarını azaltmak için yapılan birçok iyileştirme, uygulama ve düzenlemeye rağmen trafikteki kazalar neden azalmıyor? Bu sorunun cevabı risklerin sürücüler tarafından nasıl algılandığına ve algılamalarına göre sürüş sırasındaki davranışlarını nasıl düzenlediklerine bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Risk algısı sürücülerin değerlendirmelerini ve dolayısıyla trafik güvenliğini etkiyen önemli bir faktördür. Bu çalışmada, risklerin sürücüler tarafından nasıl algılandığı, algılamalarını etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğu ve bunun sonucunda sürücülerin davranışlarını risklere göre nasıl düzenledikleri Risk Dengeleme Teorisi temelinde incelenmektedir. Bu teoriye göre, sürücüler koşullara bağlı olarak algıladıkları riskleri, hedefledikleri riskler ile karşılaştırarak sürüş sırasındaki davranışlarını avantajlarını en üste çıkaracak şekilde düzenlemekte ve riski dengelemektedirler. Karşılaştırmanın sonucunu etkileyen, algılanan riskin azalmasını ya da hedeflenen riskin artmasını sağlayan her bir uygulamanın riskli davranışları artırdığı ve bu yüzden, kaza sayılarının anlamlı şekilde azalmadığı ifade edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışman amacı, trafik ve ulaşım psikolojisi içerisinde Risk Dengeleme Teorisi’ne göre sürücülerin risk algılarının, değerlendirmelerine ve sürüş sırasındaki davranışlarına olan etkilerini temel ve güncel ampirik araştırmaları kapsayacak şekilde açıklamak ve alternatif çalışma alanlarıyla ilgili bilgi sağlamaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Trafik Güvenliği, Risk Dengeleme Teorisi, Risk Algısı, Derleme

A Dıfferent Model Wıthın Traffıc Safety: Risk Homeostasis Theory

Despite many improvements, practices, and regulations to increase traffic safety and reduce traffic accidents, why are traffic accidents not decreasing? The answer to this question depends on how drivers perceive risks and regulate their driving behavior. Risk perception is an essential factor that affects drivers' evaluations while driving, and thus traffic safety. In this study, how drivers perceive risks, what factors affect their perceptions, and as a result, how drivers regulate their behaviors according to risks are examined through the Risk Homeostasis Theory. According to this theory, drivers adjust their driving behaviors to maximize their advantage and balance the risk by comparing the risks they perceive depending on the conditions with the risks they target. It is seen, as a result of the comparison, that any practice that reduces the perceived risk or increases the targeted risk leads risky behaviors to increase, and thus, the number of accidents remains relatively high. In this context, the study aims, including primary and current empirical research, to explain the effects of drivers' risk perceptions on their assessments and behaviors according to the Risk Homeostasis Theory in traffic and transportation psychology while driving and to provide information about alternative fields of study.
Keywords:

Trafik Güvenliği, Risk Dengeleme Teorisi, Risk Algısı, Derleme,

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Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2147-2912
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2012
  • Yayıncı: JANDARMA VE SAHİL GÜVENLİK AKADEMİSİ
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