Bülent SUNGUR, Bürke Uğur BAŞARANEL, Naci AKDEMİR

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İRLEŞİK KRALLIKTA SİBER EKONOMİK SUÇLARA YÖNELİK KOLLUK FAALİYETLERİ SORUNLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Artan siber tehditler nedeniyle siber suçlar pek çok ülke tarafından ‘Birinci Öncelikli’ ulusalgüvenlik riski olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu ciddi riske tepki olarak hükümetler siber suçlarınönlenmesi programlarına ciddi yatırımlar yapmaktadır. Internetin ağlarla birbirine bağlı küreselkarakterinin siber suçların kolluğuna ciddi zorluklar yaratması nedeniyle, siber suçlarla etkinmücadele için uzmanlığa ve teknik yeteneklere ihtiyaç duyulduğu aşikârdır. Siber suçların kolluğuhakkındaki önceki bilimsel araştırmalar yerel polisin uzmanlık eksikliğinin olduğunu ve bunun sibersuçlarla mücadeleyi sekteye uğrattığını ortaya koymaktadır. Kolluk kuvvetleri siber suçlarlamücadele kapasitelerini arttırmak kapsamında uzman siber suçlarla mücadele birimlerini ihdasetmeye devam etmektedir. Fakat literatürde siber ekonomik suçlarla mücadele eden uzman birimlerinkarşılaştığı sorunları uzman kolluk kuvvetlerinin gözünden ortaya koyan çalışma sayısının az olmasıdikkat çekicidir. Literatürdeki bu bilgi açığını gidermek maksadıyla Birleşik Krallık siber suçlarlamücadele birimlerinde görevli uzman polis memurları ile icra edilen yarı yapılandırılmışmülakatlardan elde edilen veriler tematik analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.Uluslararası işbirliği eksikliği, suç olaylarının kolluğa yeterince bildirilmemesi ve mağdurlarınsiber suçlar farkındalık eksikliği en önemli sonuçlar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Özel firmaların siberekonomik suçların kovuşturulmasına katılımı konusunda ise polis memurlarının etik kaygılarnedeniyle çekimser oldukları görülmüştür. Siber suçlarla mücadelede kamu-özel sektör işbirliğininsiber suçlarla mücadelenin etkinliğini arttıracak önemli bir çözüm olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.Avrupa Birliği (AB)’nin Ağ ve Bilgi Güvenliği Ajansı (ENISA)’nı yeniden yapılandıran yeni sibergüvenlik yasası (Regulation 2019/881) siber suçlarla mücadelede kamu-özel sektör işbirliğikapsamda atılmış önemli bir adımdır. Fakat çalışmamızın sonuçları siber güvenliğin dünya çapındasağlanması için bu inisiyatifin AB üyesi olmayan ülkeleri de kapsaması gerekliliğini ortayakoymaktadır.

EXAMINING THE CHALLENGES OF POLICING ECONOMICCYBERCRIME IN THE UK

Cybercrime has received the ‘Tier One’ national security risk status in many countries due to the increased cyber threats. In response to this severe threat, governments have announced a substantial amount of investment in cybercrime prevention programmes. It is evident that tackling cybercrime requires expertise and cybersecurity skills as the networked global nature of the Internet pose significant challenges to policing cybercrime. Previous policing cybercrime studies illustrated that local police officers lack the technical skills, which obviously hampered the fight against cybercrime. Police forces continue enhancing their ability to tackle cybercrime through specialised cybercrime units. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirical research examining policing problems of economic cybercrime through the lenses of expert police officers working in cybercrime departments. This empirical research addresses this knowledge gap in the literature. A thematic analysis method was employed to analyse semi-structured interviews conducted with expert police officers working at cybercrime departments in the United Kingdom. Lack of international cooperation, underreporting of economic cybercrime incidents and lack of victim awareness emerged as key challenges. Police officers’ views regarding private sector involvement in policing economic cybercrime appear to be tentative due to ethical concerns. Publicprivate partnership in combatting cybercrime appears to be an effective solution to enhance the effectiveness of combatting cybercrime. European Union (EU)’s new Cybersecurity Act (Regulation 2019/881), which restructures the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) is the latest example of public-private partnership in combatting cybercrime. However, the results of this study suggest that the scope of this initiative should be extended to non-EU countries to maintain global cybersecurity.
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Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2147-2912
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2012
  • Yayıncı: JANDARMA VE SAHİL GÜVENLİK AKADEMİSİ
Arşiv
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