Niyazi Umut AKINCIOĞLU, İlker ASLAN, Yeşim DOĞAN

AFET KURBANLARININ KİMLİKLENDİRİLMESİNDE KULLANILAN YÖNTEMLER VE ÜLKEMİZDEKİ DURUM

Büyük can kayıplarının meydana geldiği afetlerde en zorlu aşamalardan biri farklı disiplinlerden uzmanların katılımlarını gerektiren “afet kurbanlarının kimliklendirilmesi” sürecidir. Bu aşamada kimliklendirmede kesin sonuç veren altın standart yöntemlerin yanı sıra, karşılaştırma örnek havuzunu daraltan ve destekleyici yöntemler de kullanılır. Birincil kriterler olarak da adlandırılan altın standart üç yöntem, parmak izi incelemesi, dental analiz ve DNA analizidir. Herhangi birinden alınan pozitif sonuç kimliklendirme için yeterli olsa da afetin oluş şekli ve insan kalıntılarının içinde bulunduğu durum hangi yöntemin ön plana çıkacağını belirler. Maliyet ve uygulama kolaylığı açısından DNA analizleri, parmak izi incelemeleri ve dental analizlerden sonra tercih edilmesi gereken pahalı ve zahmetli bir yöntemdir. Ancak diğer yöntemlerin sonuç verebilmesi için de karşılaştırmada kullanılacak ölüm öncesi verilerin kayıtlarının düzenli tutuluyor olması gerekir. Bu nedenle bir ülkenin afet kurbanlarını kimliklendirme süreci açısından gelişmişliği ile süreçte DNA analizlerine başvurma oranı arasında ters bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir. Ülkemizde parmak izi kayıtları ile ilgili sorunlar büyük ölçüde çözümlenmiş olsa da dental kayıtların tutulması ile ilgili halen sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu gerçeklerden yola çıkarak, görev tanımı afet kurbanlarını kimliklendirme olan, farklı disiplinlerde uzmanların varlığını gerektiren ekiplerin kurulması ve ölüm öncesi kayıtlarla ilgili düzenlemelerin hayata geçirilmesi doğal afet ve terör olaylarının sıklıkla yaşandığı ülkemizde önemli bir önceliktir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Afet, Kimliklendirme, DVI, Interpol, DNA, Parmak İzi

DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION AND THE PRACTICE IN TURKEY

The most challenging phase of a mass disaster is the “victim identification” process, which requires experts from different disciplines. Besides the standard methods that give precise results in identification, methods that help narrow down the comparison sample pool are also employed. The three gold standard identification methods defined as the primary ones are fingerprint examination, dental analysis and DNA analysis. Although the positive result obtained from any of these methods is sufficient for identification, the human remains’ situation decides which method will come forward. DNA analysis should be the last choice after fingerprint and dental analysis in terms of cost and feasibility. However, in order for other methods to give results, it is required to have regularly kept records of antemortem fingerprint and dental data. For this reason, it can be claimed that there is an inverse relationship between a development level of a country in disaster management and the rate of using DNA analysis in the identification process. The problems with fingerprint records have been significantly solved in our country, but there are still problems related to dental records. Based on these facts, the establishment of teams that require experts from different disciplines, whose only assignment is to identify the victims of disasters, and the implementation of regulations regarding antemortem records is an essential priority in our country, where natural disasters and terrorist incidents frequently occur.

Keywords:

Disaster, Identification, DVI, Interpol, DNA, Fingerprint,

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