Endosistemik Etkileşimler-1 -

Tıp eğitiminin evrimi incelenirse, ilk kullanılan yöntemlerin disiplinleri ayrı ayrı öğrenmeye dayandığı görülür. insanlığın bilgi birikimi arttıkça bu yöntemin güçlüğü görülmüş ve daha bütünleyici yöntemlere geçilmiştir. Sistemler ve disiplinler arasındaki sürekli ilişki düşünülürse öğrenmenin bütünleyici yaklaşımla daha kolay ve sağlıklı olacağı açıktır.

PDF

___

1. Reus VI. Behavioral disturbances associated with endocrine disorders. Annu Rev Med 1986;37:205.
2. Fava GA. Affective disorders and endocrine disease: new insights from psychosomatic studies. Psychosomatics. 1994;35:341.
3. Hall RCW, Beresford TP, Gardner ER, Popkin MK. The medical care of psychiatric patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1982;33:25.
4. Martin JB, Rikind PN. Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. Prog Brain Res 1992;93:31.
5. Leigh H, Kramer SI. The psychiatric manifestations of endocrine disease. Adv Intern Med 1984;29:413.
6. Brownlie BE, Rae AM, Walshe JW, Wells JE. Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis-thyrotoxic psychosis: a report of 18 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;142:438.
7. Ettigi PG, Brown GM. Brain disorders associated with endocrine dysfunction. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1978;1:117.
8. Orenstein H, Peskind A, Raskind MA. Thyroid disorders in female psychiatric patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia. Am J Psychiatr. 1988;145:1428.
9. Dugbaartey AT. Neurocognitive aspects of hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1998;13:1413.
10. Gold MS, Pottash AC, Mueller EA III, Erxtein I. Grades of thyroid failure in 100depressed and anergic psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138:253.
11. Josephson AM, McKenzie TB. Thyroid induced mania in hypothyroid patients. Br J Psychiatry 1980;137:222.
12. Gatewood JW, Organ CH, Mead BT. Mental changes associated with hyperparathyroidism. Am J Psychiatr 1975;132:129.
13. Pollard AJ, Prendergast M, al-Hammouri F, et al. Different types of pseudohypoparathyroidism in the same family with an unusual psychiatric presentation of the index case. Arch Dis Child 1994;70:99.
14. Furukawa T. Periodic psychosis associated with pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991;179:637.
15. Kiraly SJ, Ancill RJ, Dimitrova G. The relationship of endogenous cortisol to psychiatric disorder: a review. Can J Psychiatry 1997;42:415.
16. Hall RCW, Popkin MK, Stickney SK, Gardner ER. Presentation of steroid psychoses. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979;167:229.
17. Naber D, Sand P, Heigl P. Psychopathological and neuropsychological effects of 8-days corticosteroid treatment. A prospective study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1996;21:25.
18. Devaris DP, Mehlman I. Psychiatric presentations of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Primary Care 1979;6:245.
19. Cox DI, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, et al. Fear of hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care 1987;10:617.
20. Roy M, Collier B, Roy A. Excess of depressive symptoms and life events among diabetics. Compehens Psychiatr 1994;35:129.
21. Rovet JF, Ehrlich RM, Hoppe M. Specific intellectual deficits in children with early onset diabetes mellitus. Child Dev 1988;59:226.
22. Leibson CL, Rocca WA, Hanson VA, et al. Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: a popultion-based cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;4:301.
23. Schuster MM, Iber FL. Psychosis and pancreatitis. Arch Intern Med 1965;116:228.