Bireysel Düzeyde Hesap Verebilirliğin Demografik Özellikler, Öz-İzleme Yetisi ve Politik Yeti Açısından İncelenmesi: Şehir Hastanesi’nde Bir Uygulama

Araştırmanın amacı, çalışanların öz-izleme ve politik yetilerinin bireysel düzeyde hesap verebilirlik üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığını ve bireysel düzeyde hesap verebilirliğin, demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını incelemektir. Bu kapsamda, Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi' nde çalışan 863 çalışana ait veri, kolayda örnekleme ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir ve gerekli nicel analizler yapılmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonucunda, politik yeti kavramı ile kişisel sunumu düzenleyebilme becerisinin (öz-izleme yetisinin sadece bir boyutunun) bireysel düzeyde hesap verebilirliği pozitif yönde etkilediği bulgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, bireysel düzeyde hesap verebilirliğin, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumuna göre farklılık göstermediği, öte yandan, meslek gruplarına, yönetici-ast pozisyonunda çalışma durumuna ve çalışanların kamu-özel sektör tarafından istihdam edilmesine göre farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar literatürle uyumludur ve bu çalışmanın sonuçları bireysel düzeyde hesap verebilirlik literatürüne kayda değer katkı yapmaktadır.

An Examination of Felt Accountability in Terms of Demographic Features, Self Monitoring and Political Skill: A Practice in a City Hospital

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of employees’ self monitoring and political skill on felt accountability and to investigate whether felt accountability differs according to demographic variables or not. In this context, the data is obtained with the convenience and snowball sampling methods via survey from 863 employees working in Adana Training and City Hospital and necessary quantitative analyzes were made. As a result of structural equation modeling, it is concluded that political skill and ability to modify self-presentation (only one dimension of self-monitoring) has a significant positive effect on felt accountability. Morever, it is revealed that felt accountability does not differ according to gender, marital status and educational level. On the other hand, felt accountability differs depending on occupational group, the position of working as a manager or subordinate and employment by the public or private sector. The results obtained in this study are consistent in terms of literature. Based on this research findings current research makes a significant contribution to felt accountability literature.

___

Aküzüm, C., Aslan, I., Pekgenç, Y. & Katenalp, B. (2018). Investigation of perceptions of teachers about their accountability levels according to various variables. International Social Sciences and Education Conference (ISSEC), 14-17 November, 215-228.

Allen, A. L. (2003). Why privacy isn't everything: Feminist reflections on personal accountability. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.

Alpar, R. (2016). Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik-SPSS’ de çözümleme adımları ile birlikte. Yenilenmiş 4. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.

Altıparmak, Ö. (2019). Özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin hesap verebilirlik algılarının incelenmesi. Yükseklisans Tezi, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı. İstanbul.

Altuncu, Y. (2014). the study of mediation of political skill on the relationship between psychological collectivism and felt accountability through contextual and individual factors. Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.

Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri spss uygulamalı. Geliştirilmiş 7. Baskı, Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.

Ammeter, A. P., Douglas, C., Ferris, G. R., & Goka, H. (2004). A social relationship conceptualization of trust and accountability in organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 14(1), 47-65.

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, ımproper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49(2), 155-173.

Argon, T., Uylas, S. D., & Yerlikaya, S. (2015). Perceptions of teachers related accountability practices in Turkish national education system and organizational cynicism. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(2), 204–219.

Arıkan, S. (2011). İşyerinde kullanılan politik taktiklere yönelik olası bireysel önceller üzerine bir araştırma. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(68), 52-71.

Arslan Durmuş, S. (2016). İlk ve ortaokul öğretmenlerinin idareye karşı hak arama durumlarına ve hesap verebilirlik düzeylerine ilişkin algıları. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu.

Aslan, A. (2020). Örgütlerde Bireysel Düzeyde Hesap Verebilirliğin Öncülleri ve Ardılları. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.

Aslan, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: Nicel karma nitel tasarımlar için bir rehber, 1. Baskı, Eğitim Kitapevi.

Bahramirad, S. (2014). Adoption of sustainable agriculture practices: The role of accountability. Available At SSRN 2535498.

Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164-180.

Bentley, J. R., Treadway, D. C., Williams, L. V., Gazdag, B. A., & Yang, J. (2017). The moderating effect of employee political skill on the link between perceptions of a victimizing work environment and job performance. Frontiers In Psychology, 8, 850.

Breaux, D. M., Munyon, T. P., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2009). Politics as a moderator of the accountability—job satisfaction relationship: Evidence across three studies. Journal of Management, 35(2), 307-326.

Breaux, D. M., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Time to try a little tenderness? The detrimental effects of accountability when coupled with abusive supervision. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(2), 111-122.

Brown, L. D. (2007). Multiparty Social Action and Mutual Accountability. In A. Ebrahim & E. Weisband (Eds.), Global Accountability and Moral Community. (pp. 5-31), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, T. A. (2006). Introduction to CFA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, London: The Guilford Press.

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258.

Brunhart, A. D. (2013). The relationship between felt accountability and perceived overall organizational performance in federal agencies. Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University.

Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(4), 470-483.

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (Multivariate applications series). Second Edition, New York, London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Chen, C. H. V., Yuan, M. L., Cheng, J. W., & Seifert, R. (2016). Linking transformational leadership and core self-evaluation to job performance: The mediating role of felt accountability. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 35, 234-246.

Chou, C.-P., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 37–55), Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, Inc.

Cottrell, N. B. (1972). Social facilitation. In C. G. Mcclintock (Eds.), Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Cummings, L. L., & Anton, R. J. (1990). The logical and appreciative dimensions of accountability. In S. Srivastva & D. L. Cooperrider (Eds.), The jossey-bass management series. appreciative management and leadership: The power of positive thought and action in organizations (pp. 257–286). Jossey-Bass.

Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları. 2. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.

Dai, Y. D., Hou, Y. H., Wang, C. H., Zhuang, W. L., & Liu, Y. C. (2020). TMX, social loafing, perceived accountability and OCB. The Service Industries Journal, 40(5-6), 394-414.

Day, D. V., & Kilduff, M. (2003). Self-monitoring personality and work relationships. In Barrick, M.R. & Ryan, A. M. (Eds.), Personality and work: Reconsidering the role of personality in organizations (Pp. 205–228), San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass.

De Cremer, D., Snyder, M., & Dewitte, S. (2001). The less I trust, the less I contribute (or not)? The effects of trust, accountability and self‐monitoring in social dilemmas. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 93-107.

Dewi, R. C., & Riantoputra, C. D. (2019). Felt accountability: The role of personality and organizational factors. Journal of Management Development, 38(4), 312-32.

Dicke, L. A. (2002). Ensuring accountability in human services contracting: Can stewardship theory fill the bill?. The American Review of Public Administration, 32(4), 455-470.

Dicke, L. A., & Ott, J. S. (2002). A test: Can stewardship theory serve as a second conceptual foundation for accountability methods in contracted human services?. International Journal of Public Administration, 25(4), 463-487.

Doğan, D. (2015). Türkiye’deki yükseköğretim kurumlarında hesap verebilirlik ve akademik özgürlük”, Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.

Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1991). Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns. Australian Journal of Management, 16(1), 49-64.

Donaldson, L., Davis, J. H. (1993). The need for theoretical coherence and ıntellectual rigour in corporate governance research: Reply to critics of Donaldson and Davis”, Australian Journal of Management, 18(2), 213-225.

Dose, J. J., & Klimoski, R. J. (1995). Doing the right thing in the workplace: Responsibility in the face of accountability. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 8(1), 35-56.

Douglas, C., & Gardner, W. L. (2004), “Transition to self‐directed work teams: Implications of transition time and self‐monitoring for managers’ use of influence tactics. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(1), 47-65.

Emanuel, E. J., & Emanuel, L. L. (1996). What is accountability in health care?. Annals of Internal Medicine, 124(2), 229-239.

Erdağ, C. (2013). Okullarda Hesap Verebilirlik Politikaları: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleme Çalışması. Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.

Erdağ, C. (2020). Öğretmenlerin bireysel hesap verebilirlik eğilimlerinin bireysel ve kurumsal bağlam özellikleri açısından karşılaştırılması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(21), 1-29.

Erdağ, C., & Karadağ, E. (2017). Okul hesap verebilirliği modelleri: Bütüncül bir çözümleme. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 10(2), 303-341. Erdogan, B. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of justice perceptions in performance appraisals. Human Resource Management Review, 12(4), 555-578.

Erdogan, B., Sparrowe, R. T., Liden, R. C., & Dunegan, K. J. (2004). ımplications of organizational exchanges for accountability theory. Human Resource Management Review, 14(1), 19-45.

Eryılmaz, B., & Biricikoğlu, H. (2011). Kamu yönetiminde hesap verebilirlik ve etik. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 4(7), 19-45.

Fama, E. F. (1980). Agency problems and the theory of the firm. Journal of Political Economy, 88(2), 288-307.

Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325.

Ferris, G. R., Davidson, S. L. & Perrewé, P. L. (2005). Political skill at work: Impact on work effectiveness. First Edition, California: Davies-Black Publishing.

Ferris, G. R., Dulebohn, J. H., Frink, D. D., George-Falvy, J., Mitchell, T. R., & Matthews, L. M. (1997). Job and organizational characteristics, accountability, and employee influence. Journal of Managerial Issues, 9(2), 162-175.

Ferris, G. R., Dulebohn, J. H., Frink, D. D., George-Falvy, J., Mitchell, T. R., & Matthews, L. M. (2009). Job and organizational characteristics, accountability and employee ınfluence. Journal of Managerial Issues, 21(4), 518-533.

Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Buckley, M. R., Harrell-Cook, G., & Frink, D. D. (1999). Human resources management: Some new directions. Journal of Management, 25(3), 385-415.

Ferris, G. R., Mitchell, T. R., Canavan, P. J., Frink, D. D., & Hopper, H. (1995). Accountability in human resource systems. In G. R. Ferris, S. D. Rosen, & D. T. Barnum (Eds.), Handbook of human resource management (pp. 175–196). Oxford, Uk: Blackwell.

Ferris, G. R., Munyon, T. P., Basik, K., & Buckley, M. R. (2008). The performance evaluation context: social, emotional, cognitive, political, and relationship components. Human Resource Management Review, 18(3), 146-163.

Ferris, G. R., Perrewé, P. L., Anthony, W. P., & Gilmore, D. C. (2000). Political skill at work. Organizational Dynamics, 28(4), 25-37.

Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J., Douglas, C., & Frink, D. D. (2005). Development and validation of the political skill inventory. Journal of Management, 31(1), 126-152.

Ferris, G. R., Treadway, D. C., Perrewé, P. L., Brouer, R. L., Douglas, C., & Lux, S. (2007). Political skill in organizations. Journal of Management, 33(3), 290-320.

Ferris, G. R.; Treadway, D. C.; Broue, R. L. & Munyon, T. P. (2012). Political skill in the organizational sciences. In Ferris G. R., Treadway D. C. (Eds.), Politics in organizations: Theory and research implications (pp. 487–528), New York, Routledge/Taylor and Francis.

Frink, D. D., & Ferris, G. R. (1998). Accountability, impression management, and goal setting in the performance evaluation process. Human Relations, 51(10), 1259-1283.

Frink, D. D., & Ferris, G. R. (1999). The moderating effect of accountability on the conscientiousness-performance relationship. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(4), 515–524.

Frink, D. D., & Klimoski, R. J. (1998). Toward a theory of accountability in organizations and human resource management. In G. R. Ferris (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management, (Vol. 16, pp. 1–51), Stamford, Ct: Elsevier Science/Jaı Press.

Frink, D. D., & Klimoski, R. J. (2004). Advancing accountability theory and practice: ıntroduction to the human resource management review special edition. Human Resource Management Review, 14(1), 1-17.

Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L. (2006). On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1225- 1244.

Goodman, J. M., Evans, W. R., & Carson, C. M. (2011). Organizational politics and stress: perceived accountability as a coping mechanisms. The Journal of Business Inquiry, 10(1), 66-80.

Green, M. C., Visser, P. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (2000). Coping with accountability cross-pressures: low-effort evasive tactics and high-effort quests for complex compromises. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(11), 1380-1391.

Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C. Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Seventh Ed., New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International Inc.

Hall, A. T. (2005). Accountability in organizations: An examination of antecedents and consequences. Doctoral Dissertation, The Florida State University, College of Business.

Hall, A. T., & Ferris, G. R. (2011). Accountability and extra-role behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 23(2), 131-144.

Hall, A. T., Blass, F. R., Ferris, G. R., & Massengale, R. (2004). Leader reputation and accountability in organizations: Implications for dysfunctional leader behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(4), 515-536.

Hall, A. T., Frink, D. D., Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J., & Bowen, M. G. (2003). Accountability in human resources management. In C. A. Schriesheim & L. Neider (Eds.), New directions in human resource management (pp. 29–63). Greenwich, Ct: Information Age Publishing.

Hall, A. T., Royle, M. T., Brymer, R. A., Perrewé, P. L., Ferris, G. R., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2006). Relationships between felt accountability as a stressor and strain reactions: the neutralizing role of autonomy across two studies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 87-99.

Hall, A. T., Zinko, R., Perryman, A. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2009). Organizational citizenship behavior and reputation: Mediators in the relationships between accountability and job performance and satisfaction. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(4), 381-392.

Hardiningsih, P., Udin, U., Masdjojo, G. N., Srimindarti, C. (2020). Does competency, commitment, and internal control influence accountability?. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(4), 223-233.

Hisham, R. R. I. R., Palil, M. R., & Nowalid, W. A. W. M. (2016). Islamic leadership principles and accountability of Islamic insurance institutions: A PLS path modelling approach. The International Journal of Accounting, 1(1), 38-49.

Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., Gavin, M. B., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., & Frink, D. D. (2007). Political skill as neutralizer of felt accountability—Job tension effects on job performance ratings: A longitudinal investigation”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(2), 226-239.

Hochwarter, W. A., Kacmar, C. J., & Ferris, G. R. (2003). Accountability at work: An examination of antecedents and consequences”, Paper Presented at The Annual Meeting of The Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, Fl.

Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewé, P. L., Hall, A. T., & Ferris, G. R. (2005). Negative affectivity as a moderator of the form and magnitude of the relationship between felt accountability and job tension. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(5), 517-534.

Huang, C. C., Wang, Y. M., Wu, T. W., & Wang, P. A. (2013). An empirical analysis of the antecedents and performance consequences of using the moodle platform. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(2), 217-221.

Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Management behavior, agency costs and capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-60.

Kalman, M., & Gedikoğlu, T. (2014). Okul yöneticilerinin hesap verebilirliği ile örgütsel adalet arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(29-2), 115-128.

Kandemir, A., & Akgün, N. (2019). Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin hesap verebilirlik algıları ile yöneticilerinin hizmetkâr liderlik davranış düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(4), 1637-1653.

Kantos, Z. E. (2010). İlköğretim okulu yönetici ve öğretmenlerinin görüşlerine göre kamu ve özel ilköğretim okulları için bir hesap verebilirlik modeli. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.

Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. 2nd Ed., New York: John Wiley.

Kayri, M. (2009). Araştırmalarda gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesine yönelik çoklu karşılaştırma (Post-Hoc) teknikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 51-64.

Keay, A. (2017). Stewardship theory: Is board accountability necessary?. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1292-1314.

Kettl, D. F. (2002). The transformation of governance. Public administration for twenty-first century America. Baltimore & London: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2nd Ed., Newyork: Guilford Publications.

Laird, M. D., Perryman, A. A., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., & Zinko, R. (2009). The moderating effects of personal reputation on accountability-strain relationships. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 70-83.

Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Second Edition, Mahwah, New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

Lennox, R. D., & Wolfe, R. N. (1984). Revision of the self-monitoring scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(6), 1349-1364.

Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 255-275.

Mackey, J. D., Brees, J. R., Mcallister, C. P., Zorn, M. L., Martinko, M. J., & Harvey, P. (2018). Victim and culprit? The effects of entitlement and felt accountability on perceptions of abusive supervision and perpetration of workplace bullying. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(3), 659-673.

Mero, N. P., Guidice, R. M., & Werner, S. (2014). A field study of the antecedents and performance consequences of perceived accountability. Journal of Management, 40(6), 1627-1652.

Mertler, C. A., &Vannatta Reinhart, R. (2017). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation. 6th ed. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis.

Meydan, C. H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.

Miller, J. S., & Cardy, R. L. (2000). Self‐monitoring and performance appraisal: Rating outcomes in project teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 21(6), 609-626.

Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Mintzberg, H. (1985). The organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133-154.

Oh, I. S., Charlier, S. D., Mount, M. K., & Berry, C. M. (2014). The two faces of high self‐monitors: Chameleonic moderating effects of self‐monitoring on the relationships between personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(1), 92-111.

Ouchi, W. G. (1977). The relationship between organizational structure and organizational control. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), 95-113.

Özalp Türetgen, İ. & Cesur, S. (2006). Gözden geçirilmiş kendini ayarlama ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9(17) 1-17.

Pamukcu, F. (2014). Resmi ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmen ve yöneticilerin okulda hesap verebilirliğe ilişkin görüşleri (Altındağ ilçesi örneği). Yükseklisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.

Park, S. (2017). The effects of the leader–member exchange relationship on rater accountability: A conceptual approach. Cogent Psychology, 4(1), 1-11.

Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in organizations. (Vol. 33). Marshfield, MA: Pitman.

Powell, V. D. (2009). Accountability in community corrections: A quantitative study examining the relationship among accountability perceptions and job performance in community correction officers. Doctoral Dissertation, Capella University.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2017). Organizational behavior. 17th Ed., United States: Pearson Education Limited.

Roch, S. G., & Mcnall, L. A. (2007). An investigation of factors ınfluencing accountability and performance ratings. The Journal of Psychology, 141(5), 499-524.

Royle, M. T. (2013). Embeddedness: The nexus of learned needs, conscientiousness and ınformal accountability for others. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 6(1), 15-41.

Royle, M. T. (2017). The mediating effect of felt accountability on the relationship between personality and job satisfaction. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 10(1), 19-44.

Royle, M. T., & Fox, G. (2011). The relationship between psychological strain, self-regulation and informal accountability for others. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(1), 1-18.

Royle, M. T., & Hall, A. T. (2012). The relationship between McClelland’s theory of needs, feeling individually accountable and informal accountability for others. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 5(1), 21-42.

Royle, M. T., Fox, G., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2009). The relationships between select situational and dispositional constructs and informal accountability for others. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 2(1), 113-133.

Royle, M. T., Hall, A. T., Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewé, P. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2005). The ınteractive effects of accountability and job self-effıcacy on organizational citizenship behavior and political behavior. Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 53–71.

Royle, M. T., Hochwarter, W. A., & Hall, A. T. (2008). The mediating effect of informal accountability for others. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 1(1), 1-22.

Rutkowski, K. A., & Steelman, L. A. (2005). Testing a path model for antecedents of accountability. Journal of Management Development, 24(5), 473-486.

Salduz, E. (2013). Öğretmenlerin hesap verebilirliklerini öğrencilerin akademik başarısı açısından değerlendirmeleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

Schillemans, T., & Busuioc, M. (2015). Predicting public sector accountability: From agency drift to forum drift. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(1), 191-215.

Schlenker, B. R., & Weigold, M. F. (1989). Self-identification and accountability. In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Impression management in the organization (pp. 21–43). Hillsdale, Nj: Erlbaum.

Schlenker, B. R., Britt, T. W., Pennington, J., Murphy, R., & Doherty, K. (1994). The triangle model of responsibility. Psychological Review, 101(4), 632-652.

Seeley, E. A., & Gardner, W. L. (2006). Succeeding at self-control through a focus on others: the roles of social practice and accountability in self-regulation. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 407–425). Guilford Press.

Sinclair, A. (1995). The chameleon of accountability: forms and discourses. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 20(2-3), 219-237.

Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed., Boston: Pearson.

Tetlock, P. E. (1983a). Accountability and complexity of thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(1), 74–83.

Tetlock, P. E. (1983b). Accountability and perseverance of first impressions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46(4), 285–292.

Tetlock, P. E. (1985a). Accountability: The neglected social context of judgment and choice. Research in Organizational Behavior, 7(1), 297-332.

Tetlock, P. E. (1985b). Accountability: A social check on the fundamental attribution error”, Social Psychology Quarterly, 48(3), 227-236.

Tetlock, P. E. (1992). The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25(3), 331-376.

Tetlock, P. E. (2000). Cognitive biases and organizational correctives: Do both disease and cure depend on the politics of the beholder?. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(2), 293-326.

Tetlock, P. E., Vieider, F. M., Patil, S. V., & Grant, A. M. (2013). Accountability and ideology: When left looks right and right looks left. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 122(1), 22-35.

Wang, X., Liao, J., Xia, D., & Chang, T. (2010). The impact of organizational justice on work performance. International Journal of Manpower, 31(6), 660-667.

Wihler, A., Blickle, G., Ellen III, B. P., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2017). Personal initiative and job performance evaluations: Role of political skill in opportunity recognition and capitalization”, Journal of Management, 43(5), 1388-1420.

Wirawan, D. T. (2019). Social accountability process of Islamic boarding school: Case study of sidogiri pasuruan Islamic boarding school. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(1), 134-158.

Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806-838.

Yarnold, P. R., Mueser, K. T., & Lyons, J. S. (1988). Type A behavior, accountability, and work rate in small groups. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(3), 353-360.

Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(Özel Sayı), 74-85.

Yavaş, T. (2017). Kamu ve özel okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin hesap verebilirlik algılarının çok boyutlu incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yeditepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul.

Yazıcı, S. (2018). Kamu yönetiminde şeffaflık ve hesap verebilirliğin toplumsal algısı: Bir alan araştırması. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(14), 295-317.

Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social Facilitation. Science, 149(3681), 269-274.

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1309-7423
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi