Temper haddelemede kalınlık boyunca artık gerilme dağılımı açısından optimum ezme oranının belirlenmesi

Yüzeyinde basma gerilmeleri içeren malzemeler, yorulma hasarlanmalarına, çatlamaya ve aşınmaya karşı dayanıklıdır. Yüzeydeki bu basma gerilmeleri temper haddeleme ile oluşturulabilir. Temper haddelemeden beklenen faydayı elde etmek için haddeleme işlemi uygun bir ezme oranında yapılmalıdır. Şerit yüzeyine düzgünlük ve pürüzlük kazandırmak için genellikle %1'lik ezme oranı uygulanır ve bu ezme miktarı süreksiz akma olayını ortadan kaldırmak için yeterlidir. Bu çalışmada, 2,5 mm kalınlığındaki düşük karbonlu çelik sac (DC01 kalite) numuneler yaklaşık 600°C'de 5 dakika tavlanmış, ardından oda sıcaklığında çeşitli ezme oranlarında temper haddelemeye tabi tutulmuş ve haddelemeden dolayı kalınlık boyunca oluşan artık gerilmeler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, yüzeyde basma gerilmeleri oluşturmak için %1'lik ezme oranının yetersiz olduğunu, bunun ancak %1,5'lik bir oran ile sağlanabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ezme oranı %1,8'e çıkarıldığında, yüzeyde basma gerilmeleri ile birlikte içeride çekme gerilmeleri oluşmaya başlamıştır. %2'lik ezme oranında ise durumun tekrar tersine döndüğü; çekme gerilmeleri yüzeyde yeniden oluşmaya başladığı ve bu durumun %10 ezme oranına kadar daha belirgin hale geldiği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Basma ve çekme gerilmeleri, Süreksiz (belirgin) akma olayı, Ezme oranı, Temper haddeleme

Determining the optimal reduction ratio in temper rolling in terms of residual stress distribution across thickness

Materials with compressive stresses on the surface withstand fatigue failures, cracking, galling, and corrosion. This compressive stress at the surface can be created by temper rolling. The rolling process must be conducted with an appropriate reduction to obtain the desired benefit from temper rolling. A 1% thickness reduction is usually applied to endow flatness and surface texture to the strip, and this reduction is sufficient to eliminate the discontinuous yielding phenomenon. In this study, 2.5-mm-thick low-carbon steel sheet (DC01 grade) samples were annealed at approximately 600°C for 5 minutes, temper-rolled at room temperature at various reduction ratios subsequently, and the residual stresses formed along the thickness by rolling were investigated. This study has revealed that a 1% reduction ratio is insufficient for developing compressive stresses on the surface, but this can only be achieved with a 1.5% reduction ratio. When the reduction ratio was increased to 1.8%, tensile stresses began to occur inside, along with compressive stresses on the surface. It was observed that at a reduction ratio of 2%, the situation was reversed again; tensile stresses began to regenerate at the surface, and this became more pronounced up to a 10% reduction ratio.

Keywords:

Compressive and tensile stresses, Discontinuous (obvious) yield phenomenon, Reduction ratio (Thickness reduction), Temper (Skin-pass) rolling,

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