UKRAYNA-AB-NATO İLİŞKİSİ BAĞLAMINDA RUSYA’NIN KIRIM MÜDAHALESİ

Müdahalenin tanımı veya meşru müdahalenin kapsamıyla ilgili uluslararası hukukta görüş birliği mevcut değildir. Müdahale tanımı oldukça geniştir ve Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) uluslararası hukukla ilgili bilimsel çalışmalarda kapsamlı tartışmaların konusu olmuştur. Ukrayna, Avrupa Birliği (AB), Rusya ve Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesi arasında stratejik açıdan oldukça önemli bir alanda yer almaktadır. AB ve NATO’nun doğuya doğru genişleme stratejisi sonucu Ukrayna’nın AB ve NATO’ya katılma arzusu Rusya için gerilime yol açan bir unsur olmuştur. Ukrayna devlet başkanı Yanukoviç’in 2013 yılında AB ile Ortaklık görüşmelerine katılmayacağını bildirmesi üzerine Kiev'de Bağımsızlık Meydanında başlayan gösteriler iç krize yol açmıştır. Rusya’nın Kırım’a müdahale etmesiyle bu iç kriz uluslararası bir boyuta ulaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda Ukrayna krizi, Rusya’nın uluslararası topluma ve uluslararası hukuka Soğuk Savaş sonrası çevresinde meydana gelebilecek değişikliklere yeniden meydan okuyacağını göstermiştir. Buradan hareketle çalışmada amaçlanan Rusya’nın Kırım’a müdahalesinin gerçekleşmesine yol açan unsurları incelemektir. Ayrıca, müdahalelerin etkinliğini, uluslararası hukuka uygunluğunu AB-NATO etkisini de göz önünde bulundurarak araştırmaktır. Rusya, Kırım’a müdahale etmesiyle Kırım’ın bağımsızlık referandumu sonrası Rusya’ya bağlanma gerekçelerini uluslararası toplum karşısında haklı çıkarmak için argümanlar sağlasa da mevcut uluslararası hukuk sistemi içerisinde etkin bir çözüm bulunmaması Rusya’nın müdahalesine zemin hazırlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Müdahale, AB-NATO, Rusya, Ukrayna, Kırım

CRIMEA INTERVENTION OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE-EU-NATO RELATIONSHIP

There is noconsensus in international law regarding the definition of the interference or the scope of the legitimate interference. The definition of intervention is quite broad and has been the subject of extensive debate in scientific studiesin terms of the United Nations (UN) international law. Ukraine is located in a strategically important are a between the European Union (EU), Russia and Turkey's Black Sea Region. As a result of the east ward expansion strategy of the EU and NATO, Ukraine's desireto join the EU and NATO has been a factor causing tension for Russia. After the President of Ukraine Yanukovych announced that he would not participate in the Association negotiations with the EU in 2013, the demonstrations that started in the Independence Square in Kiev led to an internal crisis. With the intervention of Russia in Crimea, this internal crisis has reached an international dimension. In this context, the Ukraine crisis has shown that Russia will once again challenge the international community and international law as to the changes that may occur in its post-Cold War environment. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to examine the factors that generated Russia’s intervention in Crimea. In addition, it is to investigate the effectiveness of the interventions and their compliance with international law, taking into account the EU-NATO effect. Although Russia, with its intervention in Crimea, provided arguments to justify the reasons for the annexation of Crimea to Russia after the independence referendum, the absence of an effective solution in the current international legal system paved the way for Russia's intervention.

Keywords:

Intervention, EU-NATO, Russia, Ukraine, Crimea,

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