___

• Boutsalis P, Karotam J and Powles S.B (1999). Molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthesis-inhibiting herbicides in Sisymbrium orientale and Brassica tournefortii. Pesticide Science, 55: 507–516.
• Corbett CL and Tardif FJ (2006). Detection of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in weeds with emphasis on DNA-based techniques: A review. Pest Management Science, 62: 584–597.
• Danquash ET, Johnson DE, Riches C, Arnold GM and Karp A (2002). Genetic diversity in Echinochloa spp. collected from different geographic origins and within rice fields in Cote d’lvoire. Weed Research, 42: 394.
• Davis PH (1965-1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island. At the University Press, Edinburg, Vol. 1-10.
• Defelice MS (2002). Catchweed bedstraw or cleavers, Galium aparine L.-a very sticky subject. Weed Technology, 16: 467–472.
• Devine MD and Preston C (2000). The molecular basis of herbicide resistance. In: Cobb, A.H. and Kirkwood, R. C. (Eds). Herbicides and Their Mechanisms of Action. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press., s.71–104.
• Duhoux A, Carrèreb S, Duhouxa A and Dély C (2017). Transcriptional markers enable identification of rye-grass (Lolium sp.) plants with non-target-site-based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate-synthase. Plant Science, 257: 22-36.
• Heap I (2017). The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. www.weedscience.org (Accessed to web: 10.10.2017).
• Hubner RH, Fykse K, Hurle S and Klemsdal S (2003). Morphological differences, molecular characterization, and herbicide sensitivity of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) populations, Weed Science, 51: 214-225.
• Kadıoğlu İ, Üremiş İ, Uluğ E, Boz Ö ve Uygur FN (1998). Researches on the economic thresholds of wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) in wheat fields in Çukurova Region of Turkey. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 1: 18-24.
• Letouzé A and Gasquez J (2003). Enhanced activity of several herbicide-degrading enzymes: A suggested mechanism responsible for multiple resistance in black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds). Agronomie, 23: 601–608.
• Mennan H (2003). The effects of depth and duration of burial on seasonal germination, dormancy and viability of Galium aparine and Bifora radians seeds. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 189: 304-309.
• Mennan H and Ngouajio M (2006). Seasonal cycles in germination and seedling emergence of summer and winter populations of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber). Weed Science, 54: 114–120.
• Mennan H and Zandstra BH (2005). Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and seedling rate on yield loss from cleavers (Galium aparine). Crop Protection, 24:1061-1067.
• Milliman LD, Riechers DE, Wax LM and Simmons EW (2003). Characterization of two biotypes of imidazolinone-resistant eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum). Weed Science, 51: 139-144.
• Moss SR, Clarke JH, Blair AM, Culley TN, Read MA, Ryan PJ and Turner M (1999). The occurrence of herbicide-resistant grass-weeds in the United Kingdom and a new system for designating resistance in screening assays. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference on Weeds. p.179–184 Hampshire, UK: BCPC.
• O’donovan JT, Hark Clayton KN and Hall LM (2000). Wild oat (Avena fatua) interference in barley (Hordeum vulgare) is influenced by barley variety and seeding rate. Weed Technology, 14: 624–629.
• Park KW and Mallory-Smith CA (2004). Physiological and molecular basis for ALS inhibitor resistance in Bromus tectorum biotypes. Weed Research, 44:71–77.
• Prado MD, De Prado R and Franco AR (2004). Design and optimization of degenerated universal primers for the cloning of the plant acetolactate synthase conserved domains. Weed Science, 52: 487–491.
• Preston C and Mallory-Smith CA (2006). Biochemical mechanisms, inheritance, and molecular genetics of herbicide resistance in weeds. Powles, S. and Shaner, D. (Eds). Herbicide resistance and world grains, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc, s.23-60.
• Ritz C and Streibig JC (2005). Bioassay analysis using R. J. Statistical Software 12, 1–22.
• Santaella JPR, Heredia A and de Prado R (2006). Basis of selectivity of cyhalofop-butyl in Oryza sativa L. Planta, 223:191–199.
• Savary S, Willocquet L, Elazegui FA, Castilla NP and Teng PS (2000). Rice pest constraints in tropical Asia: quantification of yield losses due to rice pests in a range of production situations. Plant Disease, 84: 357–369.
• Sibony M and Rubin B (2003). The ecological fitness of Amaranthus retroflexus and A. blitoides resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and atrazine. Weed Research, 43: 40-47.
• Taştan R (1988). Orta Anadolu buğday ekim alanlarında sorun olan kokar ot (Bifora radians Bieb.)'un yayılısı, biyolojisi ve mücadele metotları. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. p.137, Erzurum.
• Tranel PJ and Wright TR (2002). Resistance of weeds to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: what have we learned, Weed Science, 50: 700-712.
• Tranel PJ, Wright TR and Heap IM (2009). ALS mutations from herbicide-resistant weeds. http://www.weedscience.com (Erişim tarihi: 10.08.2016).
• Tranel PJ, Wu C and Sadeque A (2017). Target-site resistances to ALS and PPO ınhibitors are linked in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). Weed Science, 65: 4-8.
• Uygur FN, Kadıoğlu İ, Boz Ö ve Mennan H (1999). Yabancı otların ekonomik zarar eşiği ve dünya ile Türkiye’deki uygulamaları. Bitki Korumada Ekonomik Zarar Eşiği Modelleri ve Uygulaması Workshop’u Bildirileri, s.170-225, Samsun.
• Vencill WK, Gırayda LJ and Langdole GW (1993). Soil moisture relations and critical period of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Coastal bermudagrass) competition in conservation-tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsitum L.). Weed Research, 33: 89-92.
• Whaley CM, Wilson HP and Westwood JH (2007). A new mutation in plant ALS confers resistance to five classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Weed Science, 55: 83- 90.
• Wright TR, Bascomb NF, Sturner SF and Penner D (1998). Biochemical mechanism and molecular basis for ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) somatic cell selections, Weed Science, 46: 13–23.
• Zand E, Baghestani MA, Bitarafan M and Shimi P (2007). A guide for herbicides registered in Iran, Jihad-e-Agriculture Press, Mashhad, Iran. Pp. 110.