Ürün çeşitliliğinin tasarım, tedarik ve üretim süreçlerine etkisinin sistem dinamiği yaklaşımı ile incelenmesi

Otomotiv üreticileri, pazarda rekabetçi kalabilmek için müşterilerinin giderek artan ürün kişiselleştirme taleplerine yanıt vermeye çalışmaktadır. Ancak ürün kişiselleştirmeye bağlı olarak ürün çeşitliliğinde yaşanan artış, hemen hemen tüm süreçlerde karmaşıklığa neden olurken üretim süreçlerinde de bazı problemlerin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, ürün çeşitliliğindeki artışın diğer süreçlere etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bir otobüs üretim tesisi üzerinde yapılan bu çalışmada ürün çeşitliliğindeki artışın tasarım, tedarik ve üretim süreçlerine etkisini analiz edebilen bir sistem dinamiği modeli geliştirilmiştir. Sistem dinamiği modelinin geliştirilmesi sürecinde mülakatlar yoluyla uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, tasarım yükündeki artışın belirli bir seviyeye kadar verimlilik ve kalite üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu, ancak belirli bir aşamadan sonra artan karmaşıklığa bağlı olarak çeşitliliği yönetmenin zorlaştığını ve süreçlerin olumsuz etkilendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Geliştirilen model kullanılarak incelenen işletme için uygun bir tasarım yükü belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece bu çalışmanın ürün çeşitliliğindeki artışın diğer süreçlere olan muhtemel etkilerini izleme ve uygun ürün çeşitliliği seviyesine karar verme noktasında yöneticilere yardımcı olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ürün çeşitliliği, sistem dinamiği yaklaşımı, simülasyon, karmaşıklık

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