Tam otomatik otopark sistemlerinde operasyonel planlama ve kontrol problemleri üzerine bir araştırma

Dünya genelinde hızla artan nüfusa bağlı olarak, araç sayılarındaki artış özellikle kalabalık şehirlerde ciddipark yeri problemlerine neden olmaktadır. Söz konusu şehirlerdeki sınırlı boş alanlar da göz önünealındığında, geniş alanlara ihtiyaç duyan geleneksel otoparkların (açık alan otoparkları, katlı otoparklar vb.)bu ihtiyacı karşılama konusunda çoğu zaman yetersiz kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu sebeple, teknolojikgelişmelerin de yardımıyla hem yatay hem de dikey alanın daha etkin kullanılmasını sağlayan çeşitli otoparksistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle son yirmi yılda, sensör teknolojisinin kullanıldığı ve park işlemlerininotomatik taşıyıcılarla (asansör, konveyör, robot vb.) gerçekleştirildiği Tam Otomatik Otopark Sistemleri(TOOS) yeni nesil otopark sistemleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. TOOS’ler, tasarımları ve kullandıklarıteknolojiler sayesinde park yeri sorununa etkili ve çevre dostu bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Bununla birliktesistemin etkinliğini/verimliliğini operasyonel anlamda ele alan akademik çalışmalara hala ihtiyaçduyulmaktadır. Nitekim konuyla ilgili literatür incelendiğinde, TOOS'lerin tasarımı ve TOOS’lerdekullanılacak teknolojilerle ilgili çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, TOOS'lerin operasyonel planlama vekontrol problemlerini konu alan çalışmaların az sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Mevcut araştırma kapsamındaçeşitli TOOS’ler teknik ve operasyonel açıdan incelenmiş ve operasyonel etkinliği/verimliliği arttıracakpotansiyel araştırma/çalışma alanları ortaya konulmuştur.

A research on fully automated parking systems and operational planning and control problems

Due to the rapid increase in the population all over the world, the increase in the number of vehicles causes serious parking problems, especially in crowded cities. Considering the limited available spaces in highly populated cities, traditional parking systems (flat or multi-story) mostly unable to meet the demand due to the large space they need. Therefore, various parking systems that enable to use of both horizontal and vertical areas more effectively have been developed with the help of technological developments. Especially in the last two decades, Fully Automatic Parking Systems (FAPS) appear as the new generation parking systems where sensor technology is used and parking operations are carried out with the help of automatic carriers (lifts, conveyors, robots). FAPSs offer an effective and environmentally friendly solution to the parking space problem owing to the design and technologies they use. However, there is still a need for academic researches that address the operational efficiency /effectivity of the system. As a matter of fact, there are many studies in the scientific literature on the design of FAPSs and the technologies to be used in FAPSs while the number of studies dealing with operational planning and control problems of FAPSs is very limited. Based on these findings, different types of FAPSs are investigated in terms of technical and operational aspect and potential research areas that could increase the operational efficiency and effectivity are revealed in the scope of this research.

PDF

___

1. Yardım, M. S. ve Ağrikli, M., Otomatik Otoparklar ve Türkiye’deki Otopark Probleminin Çözümü İçin Uygulama Potansiyeli, 6. Ulaştırma Kongresi, TMMOB İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası İstanbul Şubesi, IstanbulTurkey, 363-371, 23-25 Mayıs 2005
2. Buehler, R., & Pucher, J., Sustainable transport in Freiburg: lessons from Germany's environmental capital. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 5 (1), 43-70, 2011.
3. Buehler, R., Pucher, J., Gerike, R., & Götschi, T., Reducing car dependence in the heart of Europe: lessons from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Transport Reviews, 37 (1), 4-28, 2017.
4. TUİK, Yıllara göre motorlu kara taşıt sayısı, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=3063 0, Yayın tarihi: Ocak, 2019, Erişim tarihi: Kasım 11, 2019.
5. Ibeas, Á., Cordera, R., dell’Olio, L., & Moura, J. L., Modelling demand in restricted parking zones. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 45 (6), 485-498, 2011.
6. Ahamed, S. T., & Jovanov, A., Possible Solutions of Car Parking Problem of Retail Business in Gothenburg City Center ,Master Degree Project 2009, 42, 2009.
7. Marsden, G., The evidence base for parking policies-a review. Transport policy, 13 (6), 447-457.
8. Jog, Y., Sajeev, A., Vidwans, S., & Mallick, C., Understanding smart and automated parking technology. Int. J. u-e-Serv. Sci. Technol, 8, 251-262, 2015.
9. Downtown Parking Survey. http:// www. bainbridgewa. gov /DocumentCenter /View/ 9154/Parking-Survey101017?bidId=. Ekim 10, 2017. Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 27, 2018.
10. TRDizin,, https://trdizin.gov.tr
11. Scopus, https://www.scopus.com
12. Web of Science, https://apps.webofknowledge.com
13. Terra nova ventures, Robotic parking systems. http://www.terranovaventures.com/RoboticParking_Gr een.aspx. 2019. Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 13, 2019.
14. Serpen, G., & Dou, C. (2015). Automated robotic parking systems: real-time, concurrent and multi-robot path planning in dynamic environments. Applied Intelligence, 42 (2), 231-251.
15. Rosenblum, J., Hudson, A. W., & Ben-Joseph, E., Parking futures: An international review of trends and speculation. Land Use Policy, 91, 104054. 2020.
16. Fata Automation. History of Automated Parking Systems. http://automatedparking.com/history/. 2012. Erişim tarihi: Şubat 20, 2018.
17. Can, M., & Ilıcalı, M., Türkiye’de ileri otopark sistemleri İzmir Alsancak otopark uygulama örneği ve öneriler sunulması, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Teknoloji ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 2 (1), 23-35, 2019.
18. İSPARK. İSPARK’ta araçları robotlar park edecek. http://ispark.istanbul/isparkta-araclari-robotlar-parkedecek/. 2014. Erişim tarihi: Eylül 14, 2018.
19. UCLA, Anderson School of Management, http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/Documents/areas/ctr/zim an/UCLA Parking Dilemma Symposium_Don Monahan.pptx., 2012, Erişim tarihi: Mayıs 19, 2020.
20. Fata Automation. Types of Automated Parking Systems. http://automatedparking.com/system-types. 2012. Erişim tarihi: Eylül 20, 2018.
21. GIVT. Parking Systems, https:// www. givt. de/ index.php/ en/mechan-automat-parksysteme-allg-en. 2018. Erişim tarihi: Eylül 14, 2018.
22. Roadtraffic, Munich Automated Underground Parking System, https:/ /www .roadtraffic -technology .com/projects/munich-automated-underground-parking /. Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 18, 2020.
23. Automated Robotic Parking. Parking Equipment Types. http://www.automatedroboticparking.com/parkingequipment-types/. 2018, Eylül 14, 2018. 24. AIM. Silo Systems. http://www.aimagv.com/apssilo.html. 2015. Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 20, 2019.
25. Pari Car Parking. Types of Systems. http:// paricarparking .com/ types_of_systems/stacker_ system.php Son erişim tarihi: Eylül 27 2019.
26. Auto Evolution. Eco Garage Automatic Parking for Chicago. https:// www.autoevolution .com/news/ecogarage-automatic-parking-for-chicago-29186.html. 2011. Erişim tarihi: Eylül 27, 2019.
27. Karin Tetlow. Robots Update the Parking Garage, Continuing Education Center. https:// continuingeducation. bnpmedia.com/ article_print.php?C=942&L=316 . Ekim, 2012. Erişim tarihi: Eylül 27, 2019.
28. Solucoes Industriais. Otomatik Park Yeri. https://www.solucoesindustriais.com.br/empresa/instal acoes_e_equipamento_industrial/almitec/produtos/segu ranca-e-protecao/estacionamento-automatizado. 2018. Erişim tarihi: Eylül 27, 2019.
29. Mhedemag. AGV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKu2yEM6Pas&l ist=PLtS8QR-oHXGewavN2hV0LHEkPLMtDafl&index=37&t=0s. 2016. Erişim Tarihi: Eylül 27, 2019.
30. Debnath, J. K., & Serpen, G., Real-Time Optimal Scheduling of a Group of Elevators in a Multi-Story Robotic Fully-Automated Parking Structure. Procedia Computer Science, 61, 507-514, 2015.
31. Nayak, A. K., Akash, H. C., & Prakash, G., Robotic Valet Parking System. In India Educators' Conference (TIIEC), 2013 Texas Instruments, 311-315, IEEE. 2013.
32. Eswaran, P., Manikandan, A.V.M., & Godha, S., Prototype of an underground multi-storied automated car parking system. In Emerging Trends in Computing, Communication and Nanotechnology (ICE-CCN), 2013 International Conference on, 674-677, IEEE, Mayıs, 2013.
33. Hrabovský, L., Mlčák, T., & Kotajný, G., Forces Generated in the Parking Brake of the Pallet Locking System. Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal, 13 (4). 2019.
34. Hrabovský, L., & Dluhoš, D., Calibration of transducers and of a coil compression spring constant on the testing equipment simulating the process of a pallet positioning in a rack cell. Open Engineering, 9 (1), 631-640. 2019.
35. Wu, G., Xu, X., De Koster, R., & Zou, B., Optimal design and planning for compact automated parking systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 273 (3), 948-967. 2019.
36. Serpen, G., & Debnath, J., Design and performance evaluation of a parking management system for automated, multi-story and robotic parking structure. International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, 2019.
37. Wu, G., Zou, B., & Xu, X., Shuttle-based operating policies for multiple-lift compact automated parking systems based on queuing networks. Cluster Computing, 22 (3), 6449-6460. 2019.
38. Benardos, A., Souladaki, M., & Tampakopoulou, L., Underground parking facilities in Athens: Technical requirements and feasibility analysis of two proposed schemes. In proceedings of 12th International Conference of the Associated Research Centers for Urban Underground Space, 2009.
39. Mathijssen, A., & Pretorius, A. J., Verified design of an automated parking garage. In International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Methods in Verification, 165-180, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. August, 2006.
40. Serpen, G., & Dou, C., Automated robotic parking systems: real-time, concurrent and multi-robot path planning in dynamic environments. Applied Intelligence, 42 (2), 231-251, 2015
41. Pypno, C., Multi-storey automated over ground garage for cars-solution of parking problems in big urban areas. Transport Problems, 3, 59-63, 2008.
42. Wu, G., Xu, X., & Lu, X.., Considering the influence of queue length on performance improvement for a new compact robotic automated parking system. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 487-497. 2020.
43. Mirzaei, M., De Koster, R. B., & Zaerpour, N., Modelling load retrievals in puzzle-based storage systems. International Journal of Production Research, 1-13, 2017.
44. Chen, Q., Wang, Z., Gong, Y., De Koster, R. B., & Chen, W., Performance evaluation of compact automated parking systems with mobile application and customer service priority. International Journal of Production Research, 1-34. 2020.
45. González-González, E., Nogués, S., & Stead, D., Parking futures: Preparing European cities for the advent of automated vehicles. Land Use Policy, 91, 104010. 2020.
46. Shoeibi, N., & Shoeibi, N., Future of Smart Parking: Automated Valet Parking Using Deep Q-Learning. In International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 177-182, Springer, Cham. June, 2019.
47. Mahmood, M. A., & Hajjaj, S. S. H.., Design and Implementation of a Rotary Parking System for a Truly Smart City in line with Smart Cities Technologies and Trends. In 2018 8th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), 49-52, IEEE. November, 2018.
48. Kanmaz M., Aydın M.A., Comparison of dv-hop based ındoor positioning methods in wireless sensor networks and new approach with k-means ++ clustering method, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 34 (2), 975-986, 2019.
49. Özgönül M.C., Seçmen M., Size-reduced printed logperiodic dipole antenna for wireless communication applications, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35 (3), 1631–1646, 2020.
50. Aydın H., Görmüş S., Ulutaş G., Security for the internet of things: a survey of existing mechanisms, protocols and open research issues, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (4), 1247–1272, 2018.
51. Parkolay, Parkolay projeler, https://www.otomatik.com.tr/TR/48- Projeler/?FILTER=541-0-0-0-0. Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 3, 2019.
52. Zou, M., Wang, Q., & Liu, S. A., Optimization of Parking Space Allocation for Automated Parking System of Paternoster Type by Genetic Algorithm. In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC) 3834-3838), IEEE, June, 2019.
53. Baykasoğlu A, Dudaklı N, Özsoydan FB., A GRASP based algorithm to reduce service time in Fully Automated Parking System, International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, Ankara-Turkey, 64, 27-29 April 2017.
54. Baykasoğlu A, Dudaklı N, Özsoydan FB., Evaluation of Different Dispatching Rule-Based Algorithms in Fully Automated Parking Systems, 9th International Conference on Computer Technologies and Development, Istanbul-Turkey, 23-24, 24-26 March 2018.
55. Chung, C. A. (Ed.)., Simulation modeling handbook: a practical approach. CRC Press., 2003.
56. Nguyen, A. T., Reiter, S., & Rigo, P., A review on simulation-based optimization methods applied to building performance analysis. Applied Energy, 113, 1043-1058, 2014.