Osman Akın KUTLAR, Özgür Oğuz TAŞKIRAN, Tolgahan KAYA

Kanoladan elde edilen biyodizelin performansa, emisyonlara ve yanma karakteristiğine etkilerinin NEDC ve sabit motor yüklerinde incelenmesi

Bu çalışmada EURO 5 emisyon standartlarını sağlayan 1,5 litrelik dizel motora sahip binek bir araç üzerindebiyodizelin emisyonlara, performansa ve yanma karakteristiğine olan etkilerini incelemek için şasidinamometresinde deneyler yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında kanola yağından elde edilen biyodizel ileharmanlanmış 4 farklı yakıt ve saf dizel kullanılmıştır. Deneyler esnasında egzoz emisyonları, araç üstü hatadenetleme portu üzerinden motor sensor verileri, motorun ikinci silindirinden silindir içi basınç ve enjektör akımsinyali bilgileri sürekli olarak ölçülmüştür. Biyodizelin yanma karakteristiği üzerindeki etkisini inceleyebilmekiçin indikatör diyagramı kullanılarak ısı yayılım oranı, silindir içi ortalama sıcaklık, yanma başlangıç zamanı,tutuşma gecikmesi ve yanma süresi hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre biyodizel katkılı yakıtın saf dizelegöre daha düşük sıcaklık ve basınç altında tutuşmaya başladığı gözlemlenmiştir. Dizele biyodizel eklenmesi yanmatutuşma gecikmesini 2 krank mili açısı azaltmış ve püskürtülen yakıtın 2 krank mili açısı daha erken yanmayabaşlamasını sağlamıştır. Ek olarak %10’luk biyodizel katkısı HC, CO ve kurum emisyonlarını %15 iyileştirmiştir,ancak düşük ısıl değeri nedeniyle yakıt tüketiminde %2’lik artışa neden olmuştur. Ayrıca artan biyodizel miktarıile NOx emisyonlarında %4 kadar artış gözlemlenmiştir. Ek olarak Avrupa Birliğinde regülasyon testlerindekullanılan yakıtın Türkiye’de kullanımda olan dizele kıyasla %4 oranında daha fazla biyodizel içermesi, Türkiye’dekullanılan Avrupa menşeili hafif ticari sınıf binek araçların tebliğ edilen CO, HC ve kurum emisyonlarına kıyasla%10’a kadar daha fazla emisyon saldığı bulunmuştur.

Investigation of the effects of biodiesel obtained from canola on performance, emissions and combustion characteristics under the NEDC and steady state loads

In this experimental study, the effects of biodiesel on emissions, performance and combustion characteristics on the passenger car, which provides EURO-5 emission standards with 1.5 liters of diesel engine, were investigated by performing tests on chassis dynamometer. 4 different blends of diesel and biodiesel and pure diesel were used at the experiments. Biodiesel used in the experiments were derive from canola oil. The exhaust emissions, engine sensors’ data via the on-board error monitoring port, the in-cylinder pressure and injector current signal of the second cylinder of the engine were continuously measured during the experiments. In order to investigate the effects of biodiesel on the combustion characteristics, the heat release rate, average in-cylinder temperature, start of combustion, ignition delay and combustion duration were calculated by using the indicator diagram. According to the obtained results, biodiesel-added fuel ignites under lower temperature and pressure in-cylinder condition compared to pure diesel. Therefore, addition of biodiesel to diesel reduced the ignition delay duration 2 crank angle and injected fuel burned faster than diesel fuel. Besides, addition of 10% biodiesel additive has improved HC, CO and soot emissions 15%, however fuel consumption increased 2% due to biodiesel’s lower calorific values than diesel. Moreover, up to 4% rise in NOx emission were observed with increasing biodiesel blend ratio. In addition, it is found that the fuel used in the regulation tests in the European Union contains 4% more biodiesel compared to the diesel used in Turkiye, and it is found that the light commercial passenger vehicles used in Turkiye emit 10% more emissions compared to the declared CO, HC and soot emissions.

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