Bir süpermarket zincirinde iki seviyeli tedarikçi yönetimli stok problemi için etkili bir sezgisel yöntem

Bu çalışmada, yüksek müşteri talebi değişkenliği ile karşı karşıya olan bir zincir marketin gerçek hayat sevkiyat problemine odaklanılmıştır. Firma, mağazalarını bulundukları bölgelere göre gruplandırmış ve her mağaza grubunun ikmali için bir dağıtım merkezi (DM) oluşturmuştur. Düzenli aralıklarla bu DM’lerden kendine bağlı olan mağazalara ikmal yapılmaktadır. Mevcut durumda firma, mağazalardan gelen yüksek talep değişkenliğine cevap verebilmek için çok yüksek sözleşme maliyetleri pahasına DM’lerdeki işçi sayısını artırıp azaltmaktadır. Buna rağmen mağazaların talepleri zamanında karşılanamamakta ve satış kaybı yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, değişkenliğin getirdiği bu olumsuz etkileri minimize etmek üzere DM’ler için sevkiyat planı oluşturulması problemi ele alınmıştır. Önce problemin doğrusal programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Büyük boyutlu örnekler için geliştirilen model cevap vermediğinden çözüm için iki farklı sezgisel önerilmiştir. Ayrıştırma (decomposition) yaklaşımı olarak isimlendirilen ilk yöntemde, geliştirilen model her mağaza için ayrı ayrı uygulanmıştır. İkinci sezgisel yaklaşımda problem ulaştırma modeline dönüştürülerek ele alınmıştır. Çözüm için iki aşamalı bir yöntem benimsenmiştir. Önerilen çözüm yöntemlerinin etkinliği, çeşitli boyutlardaki test verisi kullanarak karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar önerilen ulaştırma modeli temelli yaklaşımın devasa boyutlardaki gerçek hayat problemlerine kabul edilebilir zamanda ve her hangi bir ticari çözücüye ihtiyaç duymaksızın kaliteli çözümler üretebildiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İşbirlikçi stratejiler, İki seviye tedarikçi yönetimli stok, Doğrusal programlama, Sezgisel teknikler

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