Elektrikli Araçlar İçin Hızlı Şarj İstasyonu Teknolojileri

Tüm dünyada günden güne gelişen teknoloji ve artan dünya nüfusu beraberinde enerji kaynağı sorununu doğurmaktadır. Fosil kaynaklı yakıtların doğada sınırlı miktarda rezervlerinin bulunması, yüksek maliyetleri ve çevreye verdikleri tahribatlar nedeniyle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelim hız kazanmıştır. Fosil kaynaklı yakıtların başlıca kullanım alanlardan biri içten yanmalı motorlara sahip araçlardır. İçten yanmalı motora sahip araçlar yerine sadece elektrik motoru kullanılan elektrikli araçlar (EA) bu fosil kaynaklı yakıt tüketimini azaltmaya yönelik yeni bir teknolojidir. Bu teknolojinin ise menzil ve batarya şarj süresi gibi bazı problemleri mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada problemlerden biri olan batarya şarj süreleri (seviye 1, seviye 2, seviye 3 ve seviye 4) üzerine araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Seviye 1 ve seviye 2 yavaş şarj yöntemlerini ifade ederken, seviye 3 ve seviye 4 hızlı şarj yöntemlerini ifade etmektedir. Hızlı şarj yöntemleri ise AA/DA/DA dönüştürücülü topoloji (alt dalları olarak araçtan şebekeye (V2G) şarj istasyonu ve tek yönlü şarj istasyonu), ortak AA bağlantılı çok noktalı topoloji ve transformatörsüz topoloji olmak üzere üç farklı topolojiden oluşmaktadır. Tüm bu topolojiler arasında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına uyum sağlaması, enerjiyi verimli kullanması, kolay kurulumu ve hem AA hem DA sistemlerine uyum sağlaması açısından V2G yönteminin verimli ve etkili bir yöntem olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Fast Charging Station Technologies For Electric Vehicles

Increasing world population and developing day-to-day technology are causing the energy supply crisis around the world. Owing to the limited nature reserves, high costs and destruction of fossil fuels to the ecosystem, movements towards renewable energy sources have been accelerated. It is one of the fossil fuel's main uses are vehicles that have internal combustion engines. Instead of vehicles using an internal combustion engine, electric vehicles (EV), which only use electric motors, are a new technology to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel. There are some difficulties with this new technology, such as range and battery charge time. In this study, the research on battery charging time (level 1, level 2, level 3, and level 4) was conducted which is one of the problems. Level 1 and level 2 refer to slow charging methods while level 3 and level 4 refer to fast charging methods. Fast charging methods consist of three different topologies: AC/ DC/ DC converter topology (as sub-branches of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging station and one-way charging station), common AC connected multi-point topology and transformerless topology. It was concluded that the V2G method which is the sub-branch of fast charging station topology of AC/ DC/ DC converter, is an effective and reliable process for adapting to renewable energy sources, using energy efficiently, easily integrated and adapting to both AC and DC systems.

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