Değişken Hava Aralıklı Gölge Kutuplu Asenkron Motorun Faz Endüktanslarının Tespitine Yönelik Detaylı Bir Çalışma

Gölge kutuplu asenkron motorlar (GKAM) yapılarının basit, maliyetlerinin düşük olması ve az bakıma ihtiyaç duymaları nedeniyle endüstriyel uygulamalarda, ev aletlerinde ve havalandırma sistemlerinde yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmaktadırlar. GKAM’da eliptik döner alanın oluşumu motorun analizini oldukça zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu karmaşıklığın sonucu olarak, bu motorların teorisi, tasarımı ve analizi konusunda nispeten sınırlı yayın bulunmaktadır. Çoğunlukla bu motorların tasarımları deneme-yanılma yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere elektrik makinalarının performansının doğru bir şekilde hesaplanması, hesaplamalarda kullanılan sargı endüktanslarının doğruluğu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, çalışmada 4 kutuplu GKAM’ın stator sargısı ve gölge kutup sargısı sargı başı endüktansı, stator sargısı öz endüktansı, stator sargısı toplam kaçak endüktansı ve stator-rotor ortak endüktansı analitik denklemler ve gerçek zamanlı deneyler yardımıyla elde edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda manyetik doyumun stator öz endüktansı ve kaçak endüktansına etkisi ile stator-rotor ortak endüktansının rotor pozisyonuyla değişimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, hesaplanan stator sargısı öz endüktansının doğruluğu deneysel bir yaklaşımla doğrulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gölge kutuplu asenkron motor, sargı, endüktans, manyetik doyum

Detailed Study for the Determination of Phase Inductances of a Shaded-Pole Induction Motor with Variable Air Gap

Shaded-pole induction motors (SPIMs) are extensively used in industrial applications, home appliances and in ventilation systems due to their simple structure, low cost and low maintenance requirement. Formation of elliptic rotating field in SPIM makes its analysis rather complex. As the result of this complexity, there are relatively limited publications on the theory, design and analysis of these motors. In many cases, their design is based on trial and error method. The accuracy of predicted performance of electric machines is tightly related to the accuracy of the winding inductances used in computations. For this reason, in this study, the stator and shading-rings end-winding leakage inductance, stator winding self-inductance, total leakage inductance of the stator winding and the mutual inductance between stator and rotor winding of a 4-pole SPIM are obtained by means of the derived analytical equations and real-time experiments. Also, the effect of magnetic saturation on the stator self and leakage inductances, and the variation of stator-rotor mutual inductance with respect to the rotor position have been investigated. At the end of the study, the accuracy of computed stator winding self-inductance is validated by an experimental exercise.

Keywords:

Shaded-pole induction motor, winding, inductances, magnetic saturation,

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