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Dahi Çocuk Olgusunun İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme

On yaşından önce kültürel değer gören bir alanda bir yetişkinin sahip olabileceği profesyonellikte olağanüstü beceri, yetenek ve başarıya sahip birey olarak tanımlanan dahi çocuk son derece ender bir olgudur. Bu sistematik derleme çalışmasında dahi çocuk olarak belirlenmiş bireyleri inceleyen araştırmalara ulaşılması ve bu araştırmaların belli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Dâhil etme ölçütleri (a) ulusal ya da uluslararası hakemli dergilerde yayımlanmış olması (b) İngilizce ya da Türkçe yazılmış olması (c) yetenek alanının çocukluk yılları ya da ergenlik öncesi dönemde ortaya çıkması (d) dahi çocuk/yetişkin katılımcı ile çalışılmış olması ve (e) tam metnine erişim sağlanması olarak belirlenmiş ve 15 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmalarda yer alan katılımcılar matematik, müzik, resim, satranç, edebiyat ve astronomi alanında yetenekli otuz erkek ve on kadından oluşmuştur. Üç erkek dâhinin ikinci bir yetenek alanı mevcuttur. Kadınların sayıca daha fazla olduğu tek alan resim olarak belirlenmiştir. Dahi çocuk olgusunun normal üstü zekâ puanı, destekleyici aile, tutku ve çalışma, bellek ve kültürel çevre gibi çok etkenle açıklanabileceği bulunmuş ve ilgili etkenler kişisel ve çevresel etkenler temaları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Dahi çocukların uzun süreli bellek özellikleriyle daha fazla çalışma yapılması önerilmiştir.

Child Prodigy Phenomenon: A Systematic Literature Review

Child prodigy is a rare phenomenon in which a child is operationalized in terms of performance at the level of highly trained, skilled and professional adult level in a culturally relevant domain before the age of ten. The purpose of current study is to find research which is conducted with child prodigies and to examine them in terms of different variables. A total of 15 studies meeting including criteria: (a) peer- reviewed articles in national or international literature (b) published in English or Turkish (c) domain specific skills should be emerged during childhood or before preadolescence (d) including child prodigies were systematically reviewed. Samples consist of 10 women and 30 men whose talents are in mathematics, music, art, chess, literature, and astronomy domain. Three of men are omnibus prodigies. The only domain women outnumber men is art. Child prodigy phenomenon can be explained in terms of above-average IQ, encouraging family, passion and hardworking, memory, and cultural environment and these are discussed under the personal and environmental factors themes. Recommendations for future research includes long term memory studies with child prodigies.

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