Ayşe ADAY KAYA, Hatice DOĞMUŞ-LEHTİJARVİ, Asko LEHTİJARVİ

Mikovirüslerin orman patojenlerine karşı kullanım olanakları

Mikovirüsler bitki patojeni funguslarının da bulunduğu birçok organizmada yaygın olarak bulunan obligat parazitlerdir. Eşeyli veya eşeysiz fungal yapılar sayesinde hücreler arası yayılış göstermekte ve konukçularında bazı değişikliklere neden olmaktadırlar. Mikovirüslerin konukçularında neden olduğu değişiklikler tam anlamıyla bilinmemekteyse de, enfekte ettikleri funguslarda bazı fenotipik değişimlere yol açtığı düşünülmektedir. Özellikle, bitki patojeni fungusların virülensi arttırma ya da azaltma yönünde üzerine etkide bulunmaktadırlar. Virulensi azaltmaları durumunda, kestane kanseri örneğinde olduğu gibi, mikovirüslerin biyolojik mücadelede kullanmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, dünyada ve ülkemizde orman ağaçlarında hastalığa neden olan bazı önemli fungal patojenlerde görülen mikovirüsler tanıtılarak, bunların biyolojik mücadelede kullanım olanakları üzerine yapılan araştırmalar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

dsRNA, fungus, orman, hastalık, kontrol

The possible usage of mycoviruses in biological control against tree pathogenic fungi

Mikovirüslerin orman patojenlerine karşı kullanım olanaklarıÖzet: Mikovirüsler bitki patojeni funguslarının da bulunduğu birçok organizmada yaygın olarak bulunan obligat parazitlerdir. Eşeyli veya eşeysiz fungal yapılar sayesinde hücreler arası yayılış göstermekte ve konukçularında bazı değişikliklere neden olmaktadırlar. Mikovirüslerin konukçularında neden olduğu değişiklikler tam anlamıyla bilinmemekteyse de, enfekte ettikleri funguslarda bazi fenotipik değişimlere yol açtığı düşünülmektedir. Özellikle, bitki patojeni fungusların virülensi arttırma ya da azaltma yönünde üzerine etkide bulunmaktadırlar. Virulensi azaltmaları durumunda, kestane kanseri örneğinde olduğu gibi, mikovirüslerin biyolojik mücadelede kullanmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, dünyada ve ülkemizde orman ağaçlarında hastalığa neden olan bazı önemli fungal patojenlerde görülen mikovirüsler tanıtılarak, bunların biyolojik mücadelede kullanım olanakları üzerine yapılan araştırmalar özetlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: dsRNA, fungus, orman, hastalık, kontrolThe possible usage of mycoviruses in biological control against tree pathogenic fungiAbstract: Mycoviruses in many organism including plant pathogenic fungi. They are mostly spread intracellularly via asexual and sexual reproduction of the fungi and cause some changes on them. Although many mycoviruses have no clear effect on their hosts, there are also many reports that they cause some phenotypic chances. Especially, they have effect on plant pathogenic fungi by increasing or decreasing their virulence. When they reduce the virulence of the host like in Chestnut canker sample, it is possible to use them in biological control. In this review, mycoviruses detected on some important fungal pathogens of forest trees both in our country and world were introduced and the studies carried out were summarized.Keywords: dsRNA, fungi, forest, disease, control Received: 07 August 2014 - Accepted: 17 August 2014 To cite this article: Kaya, A.G.A., Doğmuş-Lehtijarvi, H.T., Lehtijarvi, A., 2015. Mikovirüslerin orman patojenlerine karşı kullanım olanakları. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 65(1): 60-71. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.46043

Keywords:

dsRNA, fungi, forest, disease, control,

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