What is Globalisation and What Is Not?
Despite the widespread use of the concept there is neither a consistent theoretical construction nor a clear definition of globalisation. Although the debate between pro and anti globalisation scholars and activists is interesting, it largely fails to address globalisation as a fundamental structural transformation of modern capitalism from a historical perspective and tends to reduce it to a re-articulation of the old debate on states versus markets. The first aim of this paper is to provide a clearer definition of globalisation, which will be helpful in assessing the validity of various arguments surrounding the concept of globalisation, including whether such a process exists. Then an alternative interpretation of globalisation viewed from a historical materialist perspective will be introduced. It will be argued that internationalisation in the form of increased trade and foreign direct investment is the nature of capitalist accumulation process, thus, cannot be impeded. This accumulation process necessarily creates its own ideological climate to facilitate acceptance of the doctrine and to justify the economic and social problems it creates. Finally it will argue that there is a globalisation tendency since increased internationalisation inevitably weakens the role of nation states by transferring some of their functions to newly created supranational states that are created by the dynamics of this internationalisation process
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Globalization, Internationalisation, Historical Materialist Perspective
What is Globalisation and What Is Not?
Despite the widespread use of the concept there is neither a consistent theoretical construction nor a clear definition of globalisation. Although the debate between pro and anti globalisation scholars and activists is interesting, it largely fails to address globalisation as a fundamental structural transformation of modern capitalism from a historical perspective and tends to reduce it to a re-articulation of the old debate on states versus markets. The first aim of this paper is to provide a clearer definition of globalisation, which will be helpful in assessing the validity of various arguments surrounding the concept of globalisation, including whether such a process exists. Then an alternative interpretation of globalisation viewed from a historical materialist perspective will be introduced. It will be argued that internationalisation in the form of increased trade and foreign direct investment is the nature of capitalist accumulation process, thus, cannot be impeded. This accumulation process necessarily creates its own ideological climate to facilitate acceptance of the doctrine and to justify the economic and social problems it creates. Finally it will argue that there is a globalisation tendency since increased internationalisation inevitably weakens the role of nation states by transferring some of their functions to newly created supranational states that are created by the dynamics of this internationalisation process
___
- Bairock, P. & R.K. Wright (1996), Globalization Myths: Some Historical Reflections on Integration, Industrialization and Growth in the World Economy, UNCTAD Discussion Paper, No. 113
- BBC News (2001), ‘Doha in doubt for WTO talks’, 14 October, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1598494.stm
- Cameron, D. (1978), ‘The Expansion of the Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis’, American Political Science Review, Vol.72, no. 4
- Costello, N., J. Michie & S. Milne (1989), Beyond the Casino Economy: Planning for the 1990s, (London: Verso)
- Drache, D. (1996), ‘From Keynes to K-Mart: Competitiveness in a corporate age’, in Boyer & Drache, States Against Markets: the limits of globalization, (London: Routledge)
- Engler, M. (2004), Are the War and Globalisation Really Connected?, Foreign Policy In Focus Discussion Paper, www.fpif.org
- Evans, P.B. (1997), ‘The Exlipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization’, World Politics, Vol. 50, no. 1. pp. 62-87
- Fine, B. & L. Harris (1979), Rereading Capital, (London: Macmillan)
- Giddens, A. (1990), The Consequences of Modernity, (Cambridge:Polity Press)
- Held, D., A. McGrew, D. Goldblatt & J. Perraton (2002), ‘Rethinking Globalization’, in D. Held & A. McGrew (eds), The Global Transformations Reader, Oxford: Polity
- Hirst, P. & G. Thompson (1996), Globalization in Question: The International Economy and Possibilities of Governance, (Oxford: Polity Press)
- Hirst, P. & G. Thompson (2003), ‘The Future of Globalisation’, in J. Michie (ed), The Handbook of Globalisation, (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar)
- International Chamber of Commerce (1997), Business and the Global Economy, ICC statement on behalf of world business to the Heads of State and Government attending the Denver Summit, 20- 22 June 1997, http://www.iccwbo.org/home/shared_pages/ gloecon.asp
- Jun, K. W., F. Sader, H. Horaguchi & H. Kwak (1993), Japanese Foreign Direct Investment: Recent Trends, Determinants, and Prospects, World Bank Policy Research Working paper 1213, (Washington: World Bank)
- Khondker, H.H. (1994), Globalization Theory: A Critical Appraisal, Working Paper, no. 123, Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Kitson, M. & J. Michie (1995), ‘Trade and Growth: A Historical Perspective’, in J. Michie & J.G. Smith (eds), Managing the Global Economy, (Oxford: Oxford UP)
- Kozul-Wright, R. (1995), ‘Transnational Corporations and the Nation State’, in J. Michie & J.G. Smith (eds), Managing the Global Economy, (Oxford: Oxford UP)
- Maddison, A. (2000), The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, (Paris: OECD).
- Marx, K & F. Engels (1977), The Communist Manifesto, (Middlesex: Pelican)
- Marx, K. (1990), Capital, vol. I, (London: Penguin)
- Murray, R. (1971), ‘The Internationalization of Capital and the Nation State’, New Left Review, 67 (May/June)
- Nunnenkamp, P. & E. Gundlach (1995), ‘Globalization of manufacturing activity: Evidence and implications for industrialization in developing countries’, Global Forum on Industry: Perspectives for 2000 and Beyond, UNIDO
- Otsubo, S. (1996), Globalization: A New Role for Developing Countries in an Integrating World, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1628, The World Bank
- Ohmae, K. (1993), ‘The Rise of the Region State’, Foreign Affairs, 72: 78-87.
- Pettifor, A. (2003), ‘Making Sense of Our World: 1970–2003’, in A. Pettifor (ed.), The Real World Economic Outlook : the Legacy of Globalization; Debt and Deflation, (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan)
- Poulantzas, N. (1975), Classes in Contemporary Capitalism, (London: New Left Books).
- Radice, H. (1998), Responding to Globalization: Towards a New Critique of International Political Economy, A paper prepared for the conference ‘Globalization and Its Discontents’, 23rd-24th July 1998, Vancouver
- Robinson, W.I (1998), Capitalist globalization and the transnationalization of the state, A paper presented at Transatlantic Workshop, “Historical Materialism and Globalization”, University of Warwick, April 15-17, 1998)
- Rodrik, D. (1996), ‘Why Do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments’, NBER Working Paper, no. 5537
- Rowthorn, B. (1971), ‘Imperialism in the Seventies – Unity or Rivalry?’, New Left Review, 69 (September/October)
- Scholte, J.A. (2000), Globalization: a critical introduction, (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press)
- Scholte, J.A. (2002), What Is Globalisation? The Definitional Issues – Again, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalism Working Paper No. 109/02.
- Stiglitz, J. (2000), ‘Must Financial Crises be this Frequent and this Painful?’, in Agenor J. et al (eds.), The Asian Financial Crisis: Causes, Contagion and Consequences, (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press)
- Subasat, T. (2005), ‘Küreselleşme ve Devletin Rolü’, in Subasat, T. and S. Dedeoglu (eds.), Küreselleşme ve Kalkınma, Istanbul: Baglam Yayincilik.
- Thompson, G. (1995), ‘Economic Autonomy and the Advanced Industrial State’, in A.G. McGrew & P.G. Lewis (eds), Global Politics, (Cambridge: Polity Press)
- UNCTAD (1996), ‘UNCTAD and WTO: A Common Goal in a Global Economy’, Press Release, http://www.unctad.org/ Templates/Webflyer.asp?docID=3607&intItemID=1906&lang=1
- UNCTAD (1996), World Investment Report, (New York: UN)
- UNCTAD (1997), World Investment Report, (New York: UN)
- UNCTAD (1997), World Investment Report: Overview, (New York: UN)
- UNCTAD (2000), World Investment Report, (New York: UN)
- UNCTAD (2003), World Investment Report, (New York: UN)
- UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (1998), Human Development Report 1998, (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
- UN Centre on Transnational Corporations (1992), The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Survey of the Evidence, (New York: UN)
- UN Transnational Corporation and Management Division (1993), The Transnationalization of Service Industries, (New York: UN)
- Understanding Global Issues (1997), Multinational Business: Beyond Government Control?, no. 11
- van Bergeijk, P.A.G. & N.W. Mensink (1997), ‘Measuring Globalization’, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 31, No. 3
- Wade, R. (1996), ‘Globalization and Its Limits: Reports of the Death of the National Economy are Greatly Exaccurated’, in S. Berger & R. Dore (eds), National Diversity and Global Capitalism, (London: Cornell UP)
- Warren, B. (1971), ‘The Internationalization of Capital and the Nation State: A Comment’, New Left Review, 68 (July/August).
- Weeks, J. (1996), Regional Cooperation and Southern African Development, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 22, no. 1., pp. 99-118
- Weeks, J. (1999), ‘The Essence and the Appearance of Globalization: The Rise of Finance Capital’, in F. Adams, S.D. Gupta & K. Mengisteab (eds), Globalization and the Dilemmas of the State in the South, (London: Macmillan and St. Martin’s Press)
- Weiss, L. (1997), ‘Globalization and the Myth of the Powerless State’, New Left Review, No. 225
- Weiss, L. (1998), The Myth of the Powerless State: Governing the Economy in a Global Era, (Oxford: Polity Press)
- World Trade Organization, Annual Report, 1996
- World Trade Organization, Annual Report, 1997
- ISSN: 2149-5750
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2015
- Yayıncı: İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler
Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows in
The Euro AREA, Zelha ALTINKAYA, Fırat BAYIR
Economic Diversification and Policy in Azerbaijan
Sedat AYBAR, Matanat RASULOVA, Faiq QASİMLİ, Dutch DİSEASE
Employee Benefits and Motivation: How it-Experts are Motivated and Prefer to be Rewarded