Türkiye Konut Piyasasnda Balon Var m? İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Üzerine Bir Analiz

Bu çalúmann amac, Türkiye konut fiyatlarndaki olas spekülatif balonlarn tespit edilmesi ve bu balonlarn oluúma zamannn belirlenmesidir. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas’ndan elde edilen çeúitli konut sektörü endeksleri ve konut birim fiyatlar kullanlarak Ocak 2010 – Nisan 2017 döneminde konut sektöründe spekülatif balonlarn varl÷ araútrlmútr. Türkiye’nin geneli, üç büyük il ve di÷er birçok bölge için spekülatif balonlarn varl÷na iliúkin güçlü kantlar elde edilmiútir. Ayrca, spekülatif balonlarn tespit edildi÷i baz bölgeler için konut sektörü fiyatlamalarnda aúrlklarn son dönemlerde de devam etti÷i; ancak baz bölgelerde tamamen söndü÷üne iúaret eden istatistiki kantlar elde edilmiútir. Konut sektöründe spekülatif balonlarn görüldü÷ü yerlerin genellikle Anadolu’nun bats ve ky úeridi bölgeleri oldu÷u söylenebilir.

Is There a Bubble in the Real Estate Market of Turkey? An Analysis on the Statistical Territorial Units

This study aims to detect possible speculative bubbles in Turkey’s housing prices and to determine when these bubbles occur. Using various housing sector indices and housing unit prices obtained from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, we investigated the existence of speculative bubbles in the housing sector, covering January 2010 to April 2017. We obtain robust evidence about the existence of speculative bubbles for Turkey in general, three large provinces and many other regions. Additionally, for some regions where speculative bubbles have been identified, explosive behavior in the housing sector pricing have continued recently; but it has been completely extinguished in some other regions. In the housing sector, speculative bubbles generally occurred in the western and coastal regions of Anatolia.

___

  • AFSAR, Asli and Emrah Dogan; (2018),“Analyzing asset of bubbles in the housing market with right-tailed unit root tests: the case of Turkey”, Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 7(2), pp.139-147.
  • AL-ANASWAH, Nael and Bernd Wilfling; (2011), “Identification of Speculative Bubbles Using State-Space Models with Markov-Switching”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(5), pp. 1073– 86.
  • ALTAY, Erdinç; (2008), “Rational Bubbles in Istanbul Stock Exchange: Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests”, LadoBeridze (der.), in Economics in Emerging Markets, 7, pp. 169-202.
  • ANDERSON, Keith and Chris Brooks; (2014), “Speculative bubbles and the cross-sectional variation in stock returns”, International Review of Financial Analysis, 35, pp. 20–31.
  • ANDERSON, Keith, Chris Brooks and Apostolos Katsaris; (2010), “Speculative bubbles in the S&P 500: Was the tech bubble confined to the tech sector?”, Journal of Empirical Finance, 17(3), pp. 345–361.
  • ASAKO, Kazumi and Zhentao Liu; (2013), “A statistical model of speculative bubbles, with applications to the stock markets of the United States, Japan, and China”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(7), pp. 2639–2651.
  • ATASEVER, Gülbahar; (2016), “Varlk Fiyatlar Köpü÷ü: Mu÷la Konut Piyasas Üzerine Bir De÷erlendirme.”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi øktisadi ve ødari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(34), ss. 1–17.
  • BAUMOL, William J.; (1957), “Speculation, Profitability, and Stability”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), pp. 263–271.
  • BOZOKLU, ùeref ve Fatma Zeren; (2013), “Türkiye Hisse Senedi Piyasasnda Rasyonel Köpükler: Sakl Eú Bütünleúme Yaklaúm”, Finansal Araútrmalar ve Çalúmalar Dergisi, 5(9), ss. 17–31.
  • BROOKS, Chris and Apostolos Katsaris; (2003), “Rational Speculative Bubbles: An Empirical Investigation of the London Stock Exchange”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 55(4), pp. 319– 346.
  • CAMPBELL, John Y. and Robert J. Shiller; (1987), “Cointegration and Tests of Present Value Models”, Journal of Political Economy, 95(5), pp. 1062–1088.
  • CAMPBELL, John Y. and Robert J. Shiller; (1988), “The Dividend-Price Ratio and Expectations of Future Dividends and Discount Factors”, Review of Financial Studies, 1(3), pp. 195–228.
  • CAPELLE-BLANCARD, Gunther. and Helene Raymond; (2004), “Empirical evidence on periodically collapsing stock price bubbles”, Applied Economics Letters, 11(1), pp. 61–69.
  • CASE, Karl E. and Robert J. Shiller; (2003), “Is There a Bubble in the Housing Market?”, Source: Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2003(2), pp. 299–342.
  • CHAN, Kalok, Grant McQueen and Steven Thorley; (1998), “Are there Rational Speculative Bubbles in ASIAN Stock Markets?”, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 6(1–2), pp. 125–151.
  • CHEN, Shiu-Sheng; (2009), “Predicting the bear stock market: Macroeconomic variables as leading indicators”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 33(2), pp. 211–223.
  • COSKUN, Yener; (2013), “Real Estate Cycles and Assessment for Turkish real estate markets”, øktisat ve Toplum, 28, pp. 71–82.
  • COSKUN, Yener and Arvydas Jadevicius. (2017),“Is there a housing bubble in Turkey?”,Real Estate Management and Valuation, 25(1), pp. 48-73.
  • COSKUN, Yener, Unal Seven, H. Murat Ertugrul and Ali Alp; (2017),“Housing price dynamics and bubble risk: the case of Turkey”, Housing Studies, pp. 1-37.
  • ÇAöLI, Efe Ç. ve Pnar Evrim-Mandaci; (2017), “Borsa østanbul'da Rasyonel BalonVarl÷: Sektör Endeksleri Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(629), ss. 63-76.
  • DIBA, Behzad T. and Grossman, Herschel I.; (1988), “The Theory of Rational Bubbles in Stock Prices”, The Economic Journal, 98(392), pp. 746–754.
  • FERNÁNDEZ-KRANZ, Daniel and Mark T. Hon; (2006), “A cross-section analysis of the income elasticity of housing demand in Spain: Is there a real estate bubble?”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 32(4), pp. 449–470.
  • FRIEDMAN, Milton; (1953), Essays in Positive Economics, University of Chicago Press, United States.
  • GALLIN, Joshua; (2006), “The long̺run relationship between house prices and income: evidence from local housing markets”, Real Estate Economics, 34(3), pp.417–438.
  • HALL, Stephen George, Zacharias Psaradakis and Martin Sola; (1999), “Detecting Periodically Collapsing Bubbles: A Markov-Switching Unit Root Test”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14(2), pp. 143–54.
  • HARDOUVELIS, Gikas A.; (1988), “Evidence on Stock Market Speculative Bubbles: Japan, the United States, and Great Britain”, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarterly Review, (Sum), pp. 4–16.
  • HART, Oliver D. and David M. Kreps; (1986), “Price Destabilizing Speculation”, Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), pp. 927- 952.
  • HOMM, Ulrich and JörgBreitung; (2012), “Testing for Speculative Bubbles in Stock Markets: A Comparison of Alter-native Methods,” Journal of Financial Econometrics, 10(1), pp. 198– 231.
  • HORVATH, Michael T.K. and Mark W. Watson; (1995), “Testing for Cointegration When Some of the Cointegrating Vectors are Prespecified”, Econometric Theory, 11(5), pp. 984-1014.
  • KIM, Kyung Hwan and Seoung Hwan Suh; (1993), “Speculation and Price Bubbles in the Korean and Japanese Real Estate Markets”, The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 6(1), pp. 73–87.
  • KOH, Winston T.H, Roberto S. Mariano, Andrey Pavlov, Sock Yong Phang, Augustine H H Tan and Susan M. Wachter; (2005), “Bank lending and real estate in Asia: Market optimism and asset bubbles”, Journal of Asian Economics, 15(6), pp. 1103–1118.
  • KOHN, Meir; (1978), “Competitive Speculation”, Econometrica, 46(5), pp. 1061–76. MEESE, Richard A.; (1986), “Testing for Bubbles in Exchange Markets: A Case of Sparkling Rates?”, Journal of Political Economy, 94(2), pp. 345–73.
  • MIKHED, Vyacheslav and Petr Zemþík; (2009), “Do House Prices Reflect Fundamentals? Aggregate and Panel Data Evidence”, Journal of Housing Economics, 18(2), pp. 140–149.
  • MIKHED, Vyacheslav and Petr Zemþík; (2009), “Testing for Bubbles in Housing Markets: A Panel Data Approach”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 38(4), pp. 366–386.
  • NASSEH, Alireza and Jack Strauss; (2004), “Stock Prices and the Dividend Discount Model: Did Their Relation Break Down in the 1990s?”, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 44(2), pp. 191–207.
  • OEHNER, Bertrand M R; (2006), “Real Estate Price Peaks — A Comparative Overview”, Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 2(2), pp. 167–182.
  • PHILLIPS, Peter C. B., Shuping Shi and Jun Yu; (2015), “Testing for multiple bubbles: Historical episodes of exuberance and collapse in the S&P 500”, International Economic Review, 56(4), pp. 1043–1078.
  • PHILLIPS, Peter C.B., Yangru Wu and Jun Yu; (2011), “Explosive Behavior in the 1990S Nasdaq: When Did Exuberance Escalate Asset Values?”, International Economic Review, 52(1), pp. 201– 226.
  • RAPPOPORT, Peter and Eugene N. White; (1994), “Was the Crash of 1929 Expected?”, American Economic Review, 84(1), pp. 271–281.
  • SHILLER, Robert J; (2006), “Long-Term Perspectives on the Current Boom in Home Prices”, Economists’ Voice, 3(4), pp. 1–11.
  • SHILLER, Robert J.; (1981), “Do Stock Prices Move Too Much to be Justified by Subsequent Changes in Dividends?”, American Economic Review, 71(3), pp. 421–36.
  • SMITH, Margaret Hwang and Gary Smith; (2006), “Bubble, bubble, where’s the housing bubble?”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, pp. 1–67.
  • WEST, Kenneth D; (1987), “A Specification Test for Speculative Bubbles”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 102(August), pp. 553–580.
  • YANIK, Serhat and Yusuf Aytürk; (2011), “Rational Speculative Bubbles in Istanbul Stock Exchange”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 2011(Temmuz), pp. 175–90.
  • YU, Jung̺Suk and M. Kabir Hassan; (2010), “Rational speculative bubbles in MENA stock markets”, Studies in Economics and Finance, 27(3), pp. 247–264.
  • ZEMýIK-Cerge-Ei, Petr; (2011), “Is there a real estate bubble in the czech republic?”, Finance a Uver - Czech Journal of Economics and Finance, 61(1), pp. 49–66.
  • ZEREN, Feyyaz ve Ergüzel, Oylum, S.; (2015), “Testing for Bubbles in the Housing Market: Further Evidence from Turkey”, Financial Studies, 19(1), pp. 40-52.
  • ZHONG, Maosen, Ali F. Darrat, and Dwight C. Anderson; (2003), “Do US Stock Prices Deviate from Their Fundamental Values? Some New Evidence”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(4), pp. 673–97.
  • ZHOU, Wei Xing and Didier Sornette; (2006), “Is there a real-estate bubble in the US?”, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 361(1), pp. 297–308.
  • ZHOU, Wei Xing and Didier Sornette; (2008), “Analysis of the real estate market in Las Vegas: Bubble, seasonal patterns, and prediction of the CSW indices”, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387(1), pp. 243–260.