Özden Kollektife: Kimlik Teorisi Bize Ne Öğretti?

Kimlik, sosyal bilimlerin yüz yılı aşkın süredir üzerinde çalıştığı bir meseledir. Büyük ölçüde psikoloji ve sosyoloji arasındaki etkileşimle ortaya çıkan ve bireyler, gruplar ve toplumsal yapılar arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimlere ışık tutmayı amaçlayan ilgili literatür, günümüzde kayda değer bir hacme ulaşmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, kimliğin bugün artık sosyal bilimlerin pek çok farklı disiplininin araştırma ve çözümlemelerinde hayati bir yer tuttuğu ortadadır. Fakat genişleyen bu literatürün kimliğin daha derin bir biçimde anlaşılıp açıklanması doğrultusunda ne seviyede bir katkı sunduğu nicelikten bağımsız bir konudur. Makale, literatürün temel taşları diyebileceğimiz çalışmaları gözden geçirerek, kimlik teorisinin bugüne kadar ne ölçüde ilerlediğini ve kavramın günümüzde hangi yönlerinin çalışmaların başlangıcına göre daha iyi anlaşıldığını kuramsal düzlemde tartışır. Bununla bağlantılı olarak kimlik kavramının bireysel, toplumsal ve kolektif boyutlarının referanslarını ele alır. Ayrıca, kimliğin günümüzde sosyal analizler için yararlı bir kavram olup olmadığı konusundaki son tartışmaları eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirerek kavramın sosyal bilimler için neden hala geçerli ve önemli olduğunu kısaca açıklamaya çalışır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

kimilk, kimlik kuramı, sosyal kimlik, kolektif kimlik

From Self to Collective: What Has Identity Theory Taught Us?

Identity is a matter that social sciences have been working on for over a hundred years. The literature, which emerged with the interaction between psychology and sociology to a large extent and has aimed to shed light on the mutual interactions between individuals, groups, and social structures, has now reached a remarkable volume. Besides, identity has taken a key place in the research and analysis of different disciplines of social sciences. However, the extent to which this expanding literature contributes to a deeper understanding and explanation of identity is a matter independent of quantity. This paper theoretically discusses how far identity theory has advanced and which aspects of the concept have become better understood today, compared to the beginning of the studies, by reviewing the studies that we can call the cornerstones of the literature. In connection with this, it addresses the references of the individual, social and collective dimensions of the identity term. In addition, it critically evaluates the recent debates on whether identity is a useful concept for social analysis today and attempts to briefly expound why it is still relevant and significant for social sciences.

Keywords:

Identity, Identity theory, social identity, collective identity,

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