DEBONDING OF CERAMIC BRACKETS BY ER:YAG LASER

Purpose: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG laser debonding of ceramic brackets on the bond strength and the amount of adhesive resin remnant.Materials and Methods: Twenty human mandibular incisors were randomly divided into two groups of 10 and polycrystalline ceramic brackets (Transcend series 6000, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded on enamel surfaces. Group 1 was the control group in which no laser application was performed prior to the shear bond strength (SBS) testing. In Group 2, Er:YAG was applied in 3W power for 6 seconds using the scanning method. The brackets were tested for SBS with an Instronuniversal testing machine and results were expressed in megapascals (MPa). The amount of adhesive remnant was evaluated with Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean ± standard deviation of SBS values in the control group was 13.42 ±1.23 MPa and 8.47 ±0.71 MPa in the Er:YAG group and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The evaluation of ARI scores demonstrated more adhesive was left on the enamel surface with Er:YAG group.Conclusion: 3W power Er:YAG laser application with the scanning method to polycrystalline ceramic brackets demonstrated lower bond strengths andhigher ARI scores during the debonding procedure.

___

  • Azzeh E, Feldon PJ. Laser debonding of ceramic brackets: A comprehensive review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123(1):79-83.
  • Bishara SE, Trulove TS. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: An in vitro study. Part i. Background and methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98(2):145-153.
  • Eliades T, Eliades G, Brantley WA. Orthodontic brackets. In: Brantley WA, Eliades T, eds. Orthodontic Materials Scientific and Clinical Aspects. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme;2001.p.143–72.
  • Macri RT, de Lima FA, Bachmann L, Galo R, Romano FL, Borsatto MC, Matsumoto MA. Co2 laser as auxiliary in the debonding of ceramic brackets. Lasers Med Sci 2015;30(7):1835-1841.
  • Saito A, Namura Y, Isokawa K, Shimizu N. Co2 laser debonding of a ceramic bracket bonded with orthodontic adhesive containing thermal expansion microcapsules. Lasers Med Sci 2015;30(2):869-874.
  • Ma T, Marangoni RD, Flint W. In vitro comparison of debonding force and intrapulpal temperature changes during ceramic orthodontic bracket removal using a carbon dioxide laser. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111(2):203-210.
  • Mimura H, Deguchi T, Obata A, Yamagishi T, Ito M. Comparison of different bonding materials for laser debonding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108(3):267-273.
  • Obata A, Tsumura T, Niwa K, Ashizawa Y, Deguchi T, Ito M. Super pulse co2 laser for bracket bonding and debonding. Eur J Orthod 1999;21(2):193-198.
  • Strobl K, Bahns TL, Willham L, Bishara SE, Stwalley WC. Laser-aided debonding of orthodontic ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101(2):152-158.
  • Hayakawa K. Nd: Yag laser for debonding ceramic orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;128(5):638-647.
  • Mundethu AR, Gutknecht N, Franzen R. Rapid debonding of polycrystalline ceramic orthodontic brackets with an er:Yag laser: An in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2014;29(5):1551-1556.
  • Oztoprak MO, Nalbantgil D, Erdem AS, Tozlu M, Arun T. Debonding of ceramic brackets by a new scanning laser method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138(2):195-200.
  • Reynolds IR. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 1975;2(3):171-178.
  • Gwinnett AJ. A comparison of shear bond strengths of metal and ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93(4):346-348.
  • Joseph VP, Rossouw E. The shear bond strengths of stainless steel and ceramic brackets used with chemically and light-activated composite resins. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;97(2):121-125.
  • Tocchio RM, Williams PT, Mayer FJ, Standing KG. Laser debonding of ceramic orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103(2):155-162.
  • Eliades T, Johnston WM, Eliades G. Direct light transmittance through ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;107(1):11-19.
  • Rickabaugh JL, Marangoni RD, McCaffrey KK. Ceramic bracket debonding with the carbon dioxide laser. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110(4):388-393.
  • Feldon PJ, Murray PE, Burch JG, Meister M, Freedman MA. Diode laser debonding of ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138(4):458-462.
  • Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;19:515-530.
  • Franzen R, Rashidisangsary B, Ozturan S, Vanweersch L, Gutknecht N. Intrapulpal temperature changes during root surface irradiation with dual-wavelength laser (2780 and 940 nm):in vitro study. J Biomed Opt 2015;20(1):1-4.
  • Shoji S,Horiuchi H. Histopathological changes of dental pulp after irradiation by Argon, Carbondioxide or Nd:YAG laser in rats. Lasers in Dentistry. Elsevier Science Publishers BV:Amsterdam;1989.p.253-258.
  • Mehl A, Kremers L, Salzmann K, Hickel R. 3d volume-ablation rate and thermal side effects with the er:Yag and nd:Yag laser. Dent Mater 1997;13(4):246-251.
  • Wigdor H, Abt E, Ashrafi S, Walsh JT, Jr. The effect of lasers on dental hard tissues. J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124(2):65-70.
  • Nalbantgil D, Oztoprak MO, Tozlu M, Arun T. Effects of different application durations of er:Yag laser on intrapulpal temperature change during debonding. Lasers Med Sci 2011;26(6):735-740.
  • Xianglong H XL, Ding B, Yao M, Lan H. Nd:Yag laser aided ceramic brackets debonding: Effects on shear bond strength and enamel surface. Appl Surface Sci 2008;225:613-615.
  • Abdul-Kader HM IS. A comparative study of co2 laser debonding of three types of ceramic brackets. Al-Azhar J Dent Science 1999;2:79-84.