Comparison of Group Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Protocol after the 2020 Earthquake in Turkey: A Field Study in Children and Adolescents
Comparison of Group Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Protocol after the 2020 Earthquake in Turkey: A Field Study in Children and Adolescents
ABSTRACTObjective: We aimed at comparing the efficiency of “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP)” with “Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy Based Crisis Prevention Program for Children and Adolescents(CIPCA)” in children who survived the 2020 earthquake in Turkey.Methods: We randomly divided 56 children and adolescents who were earthquake victims between the ages of 8 and 14 into twogroups. Half of the participants underwent EMDR-IGTP, while the other underwent CIPCA. Outcomes were obtained using clinicalglobal impression (CGI) and the subjective units of distress (SUDS) scales before and after therapy.Results: The median age of the participants was 10 years (range: 8–14) and 53.6% of them were male. The median CGI scores ofthe EMDR-IGTP group before and after therapy were 7 (3–7) and 1 (1–7), while that of the CIPCA group before and after therapywere 7 (3–7) and 4 (2–7), respectively (p
___
- 1. Fukuchi N. Psychoeducation for children in a psychiatric ward in the immediate aftermath of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Intervention 2020; 18: 85
- 2. World Health Organization. Building back better: sustainable mental health care after emergencies. 2013.
- 3. Brown R, Witt A, Fegert JM, Keller F, Rassenhofer M Plener P. Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-aalysis and systematic review. Psychol Med 2017; 47: 1893-905. [Crossref]
- 4. Kaymaz HE, Öztürk A, Bağcıoğlu E. Psychiatric evaluation of married women who exposed to domestic violence. Gaziantep Medical Journal 2014; 20: 15-9. [Crossref]
- 5. Beck AT. Cognitive therapy: past, present, and future. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993; 61: 194-8. [Crossref]
- 6. Ceri V, Ahmad A. Exploring psychological vaccination for potentially traumatized children. J Psychol Clin Psychiatr 2018; 9. [Crossref]
- 7. Shapiro F, Maxfield L. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. J Clin Psychol 2002; 58: 933-46. [Crossref]
- 8. Karadag M, Gokcen C, Sarp AS. EMDR therapy in children and adolescents who have post-traumatic stress disorder: a six-week follow-up study. Int J Psychiat Clin 2020; 24: 77-82. [Crossref]
- 9. Jarero I, Artigas L. The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol: EMDR group treatment for early intervention following critical incidents. Eur Rev Appl Psychol 2012; 62: 219-22. [Crossref]
- 10. Trentini C, Lauriola M, Giuliani A, Maslovaric G, Tambelli R, Fernandez I, et al. Dealing with the aftermath of mass disasters: a field study on the application of EMDR integrative group treatment protocol with child survivors of the 2016 Italy earthquakes. Front Psychol 2018; 9: 862. [Crossref]
- 11. Guy W. Clinical global impression. Assessment manual for Psychopharmacology 1976; 217-22. [Crossref]
- 12. Kim D, Bae H, Park YC. Validity of the subjective units of disturbance scale in EMDR. J EMDR Pract Res 2008; 2: 57-62. [Crossref]
- 13. Jarero I, Roque-López S, Gómez J, Givaudan M. Third research study on the provision of the EMDR integrative group treatment protocol with child victims of severe interpersonal violence. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicotraumatología y Disociación 2014; 6: 1-22.
- 14. Artigas L, Jarero I, Mauer M, López Cano T, Alcalá N. EMDR and traumatic stress after natural disasters: Integrative treatment protocol and the butterfly hug. Poster presented at the EMDRIA Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2000.
- 15. Jarero I, Artigas L, Montero M, Lena L. The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. J EMDR Pract Res 2008; 2: 97. [Crossref]
- 16. Ahmad A. Crisis intervention program for children and adolescents (CIPCA) to prevent posttraumatic psychopathology, preliminary report. Duhok Med J 2014; 8: 1-11.
- 17. Chen Y, Shen WW, Gao K, Lam CS, Chang WC, Deng H. Effectiveness RCT of a CBT intervention for youths who lost parents in the Sichuan, China, earthquake. Psychiat Serv 2014; 65: 259-62. [Crossref]
- 18. O’Callaghan P, McMullen J, Shannon C, Rafferty H. Comparing a trauma focused and non trauma focused intervention with war affected Congolese youth: a preliminary randomised trial. Intervention 2015; 13: 28-44. [Crossref]
- 19. Fernández-Martínez I, Orgilés M, Morales A, Espada JP, Essau CA. One-Year follow-up effects of a cognitive behavior therapy-based transdiagnostic program for emotional problems in young children: A school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2020; 262: 258-66. [Crossref]
- 20. Adúriz ME, Bluthgen C, Knopfler C. Helping child flood victims using group EMDR intervention in Argentina: Treatment outcome and gender differences. Int J Stress Manag 2009; 16: 138. [Crossref]
- 21. Tang T-C, Yang P, Yen C-F, Liu T-L. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for treating psychological disturbances in Taiwanese adolescents who experienced Typhoon Morakot. Kaohsıung J Med Sci 2015; 31: 363-9. [Crossref]
- 22. Proudlock S and Peris J. Using EMDR therapy with patients in an acute mental health crisis. BMC psychiatry 2020; 20: 14. [Crossref]
- 23. Giannopoulou I, Dikaiakou A, Yule W. Cognitive-behavioural group intervention for PTSD symptoms in children following the Athens 1999 earthquake: a pilot study. Clin Child Psychol P 2006; 11: 543- 53. [Crossref]